Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 DVM Graduated, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran
2 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorram Abad, Iran
3 Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Objective: Due to the economic losses caused by mammary gland diseases in ruminants, rapid and accurate diagnosis of these diseases is important. For this reason, it is necessary to use new, precise and rapid techniques such as ultrasonography. The main advantage of ultrasonography is the non-invasiveness and the ability to study of various structures of the mammary gland. Using of "Water bath" and dipping of udder within the water is the primary ultrasonic mothod with high resolution in order to diagnostic study of different structures of udder and teat. This method causes the teat to be without any under pressure and therefor prevents teat deformity upon examination. Thus the teat stand in its normal form and acquired ultrasonographic images during this procedure will be depicted most clear with resoulative quality.
Methods: The present study was conducted to compare udder and teat in pregnant and non-pregnant native goats, as well as comparison of right and left quarter in each udder. For this purpose, a total of 50 native goats slaughtered in Golshan slaughterhouse of Khorramabad were examined and selected. The udder samples were selectedbased on the presence of the embryo in the uterus, and two were divided into pregnant and non-pregnant udder (25 samples in each group) were isolated from each group. For ultrasonography of udder and teat, water bath and linear probe with frequency of 7.5 MHz were used. With this method, all of the samples were examined and the two groups of specimens were measured using the instrument's ruler option. Udder cistern diameter, teat end width, teat cistern depth, teat wall thickness and teat canal length were compared statistically using student t test.
Results: The findings of this study showed that the measured parameters of the teat cistern depth and teat end width in pregnant goats were significantly different from that of non-pregnant goats (P<0.05), but the Teat wall thickness parameter showed no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant goats (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the teat canal length and the udder cistern diameter in the comparison of the quarter leaves of pregnant and non-pregnant goats (P<0.05) and in the comparison of right quarter (P>0.05), although they were close to the level of significance. Also, the results showed that there was no significant difference between left quarter and right quarter in any of the measured parameters in both pregnant goats and non-pregnant goats.
Conclusion: Regarding to the results of this study, it seems that ultrasonography of udder and teat can be used as a novel and applied method for diagnosis imaging of udder and teat healthy status and/or probable pathological disorders such as obstruction of lactiferous ducts in the native goats within the farm or research investigations.
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