Journal of Animal Production, Print ISSN: 2008-6776., Online ISSN: 2382-994X

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The effect of feeding milk enriched with inorganic, organic and chromium nanoparticles supplements on performance, digestibility of nutrients, feeding behaviors and microbial protein synthesis of Holstein suckling calves under heat stress conditions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Corresponding Author, Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. E-mail: amir.ahmadi_s01@gau.ac.ir

2 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. E-mail: Ghoorchi@gau.ac.ir

3 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. E-mail: Toghdory@gau.ac.ir

4 Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. E-mail: Mohammad.asadi_s97@gau.ac.ir

10.22059/jap.2025.385179.623815

Abstract

Objective: Climate change is a concerning issue that has negative effects on livestock. This global climate situation leads to multiple stresses in livestock, affecting their production and health. Heat stress is the most significant stressor with detrimental effects. High temperature and humidity lead to an imbalance between metabolic heat output in the animal's body and its loss to the surrounding environment, resulting in heat stress. One of the solutions to optimize production conditions and livestock health, by improving nutrient metabolism and eliminating or reducing stress conditions, is the use of chromium as a metabolic enhancer. In the condition of stress, the mobilization of glycogen reserves and the production of glucose occur to produce energy to maintain stability in the body. Chromium is one of the scarce essential minerals that plays a important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Chromium is part of the glucose tolerance factor that increases the affinity of insulin receptors to insulin hormone and increases the sensitivity of receptors to insulin. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding milk enriched with inorganic, organic and chromium nanoparticles supplements on performance, digestibility of nutrients, feeding behaviors and microbial protein synthesis of Holstein suckling calves under heat stress conditions.
Methods: Thirty two calves with average weight 37± 3 kg were assigned to four experimental treatments with eight replications in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included: 1) control (milk without chromium supplement), 2) milk contained 3 mg of chromium in mineral form per day, 3) milk contained 3 mg of chromium in the form of chromium-methionine per day, and 4) milk contained 3 mg of chromium in the form of chromium nanoparticles per day. The duration of the experimental period was 63 days.
Results: The results showed that, in calves fed with chromium nanoparticles-enriched milk, significant improvements were observed in final weight, period weight gain, daily weight gain, total dry matter intake, starter, and reduced feed conversion ratio (P≤0.05). Different forms of chromium had a significant effect on dry matter and organic matter digestibility in suckling calves, with the highest dry matter and organic matter digestibility was related to treatments receiving chromium nanoparticles compared to the control treatment (P≤0.05). Chromium supplementation in inorganic, organic, and chromium nanoparticles forms had no effect on feeding behaviors of calves. However, the standing behavior of calves receiving different forms of chromium increased compared to the control treatment, and the lying behavior decreased (P≤0.05). The intake of different forms of chromium by calves did not cause significant differences in purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis. However, the amount of urinary uric acid in the control treatment was the highest and the treatment receiving chromium nanoparticles showed the lowest amount (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: In general, the use of chromium, especially in the form of chromium nanoparticles, is recommended for calves under heat stress conditions.

Keywords

References
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Journal of Animal Production, Print ISSN: 2008-6776., Online ISSN: 2382-994X
Volume 27, Issue 2
June 2025
Pages 133-146
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