Ali Reza Bijan nia; Ali Reza Seidavi; Mani Ghani pour
Volume 12, Issue 2 , October 2010, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
Mulberry powdery mildew is the most important fungal disease in silkworm rearing zones. Resistance of mulberry varieties is different against this disease. The mulberry varieties have different resistance against powdery mildew disease. Percentage of moisture, nitrogen, protein, phosphor, fiber, calcium ...
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Mulberry powdery mildew is the most important fungal disease in silkworm rearing zones. Resistance of mulberry varieties is different against this disease. The mulberry varieties have different resistance against powdery mildew disease. Percentage of moisture, nitrogen, protein, phosphor, fiber, calcium and ash of powdery mildew infected leaves and healthy control in five mulberry varieties including Kenmochi, Local, Kaironozomi, Ichinose and Shinichinose were determined. Meanwhile, larvae mortality percentage, pupae mortality percentage, total produced cocoon weight, cocoon weight, single cocoon shell weight and percentage, and produced cocoon number recorded after larvae feeding with control and infected leaves. The obtained results showed that powdery mildew disease resulted to nutrients decline in mulberry leaves and economical parameters in those larvae which fed with infected leaves (P< 0.01). Moisture percentage, protein, percentage, nitrogen, phosphor, calcium decreased after powdery mildew infectious for each five races. Meanwhile, pupae mortality percentage, single cocoon weight, single cocoon shell weight and percentage, and produced cocoon number decreased after feeding with infected leaves for total five varieties significantly (P< 0.05). Therefore, quality decline of mulberry leaf under powdery mildew disease resulted to decreasing of silkworm performance in rearing process.
Hamid Reza Ansari Ranani; Hamir Reza Baghershah
Volume 13, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of chemical methods for dewooling from skin on Moghani sheep skin and wool quality. Two treatments of sodium hydroxide (three and five percent) and two treatments of sodium sulfide (10 and 15 percent) rub to 100 skin and time spent to collect wool from ...
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of chemical methods for dewooling from skin on Moghani sheep skin and wool quality. Two treatments of sodium hydroxide (three and five percent) and two treatments of sodium sulfide (10 and 15 percent) rub to 100 skin and time spent to collect wool from skin surface, fibers staple length and diameter recorded. Dewooled skins at thin-cross stage were evaluated by three leather experts for hair follicle, shape, elasticity, flesh, softness, water absorbability, fineness, wrinkleless, thickness and footage loss. Results indicated that the time spent to collect wool from sodium sulfide treated skins was significantly (P< 0.05) lower than sodium hydroxide treated skins. Lowest and highest time for dewooling was (80.3 ± 4.1 minutes) and (180.3 ± 5.3 minutes) for skins treated with 15% sodium sulfide and three percent sodium hydroxide respectively. Quality score for skin treated with 10 and 15% sodium sulfide and three and five percent sodium hydroxide were 30.2 (± 0.1), 31.2 (± 0.5), 37 (± 0.5) and 35.8 (± 1.0), respectively. In general, skins treated with sodium hydroxide have better quality than skins treated with sodium sulfide.
Golestan Golestani Milanloo; seyed davood sharifi; Akbar Yaghoub far; Ali akbar Khadem
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Natuzyme Plus (a multi enzyme) in diets containing wheat and canola meal on broiler performance. A total of 336 day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates. Experimental ...
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This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Natuzyme Plus (a multi enzyme) in diets containing wheat and canola meal on broiler performance. A total of 336 day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replicates. Experimental diets were: 1 . Diet based on corn-soybean meal (control), 2 . Diet containing 30 precent wheat and 3 . Diet containing 30 percent wheat + 10 percent canola meal, which Natozyme was added (350 g/ton) to these diets to make diets containing enzyme (totally six treatments). Adding enzyme to diet containing wheat and canola meal increased significantly feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) at starter and overall rearing period (P< 0.01). Use of Natuzyme Plus in diet containing wheat and canola meal reduced significantly the relative weight of digestive organs in compared of same diets without enzyme. The results of this study indicate that the performance of broiler chickens fed the diets containing wheat and canola meal could be improve by supplementing with Natuzyme plus preparations.
Omid Vosough SHarifi; Akbar Yaghoubfar; seyed davood sharifi; Ghodratollah Mirzadeh; Firouz Askari
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the nutritional value of seaweed Gracilariopsis persica and to evaluate its utilization in layer nutrition. Metabolizable Energy and chemical composition of seaweed were measured. 100 Hy-line W-36 hens were allocated to five dietary groups with five treatment group ...
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This study was conducted to determine the nutritional value of seaweed Gracilariopsis persica and to evaluate its utilization in layer nutrition. Metabolizable Energy and chemical composition of seaweed were measured. 100 Hy-line W-36 hens were allocated to five dietary groups with five treatment group (experimental diets containing zero, five, 10, 15 and 20 percent seaweed) and it lasted for 12 weeks. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight and egg mass were measured weekly. The results showed that the CP, CF, EE, Ca and P of the seaweed were 23.05, 7.2, 0.1, 0.9 and 0.34 percent, respectively. Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Apparent Metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen were 2185.04 and 2195.72 Kcal/Kg, respectively. The treatments contain more than five percent seaweed, decreased egg production and increased feed conversion ratio (P< 0.05). There was significant decrease in egg mass for more than 10 percent seaweed treatments (P< 0.05). These results showed that usage of five percent seaweed Gracilariopsis persica in the layer hens' diet doesn't have negative effect on production performances.
M. A. Alamian; A. A. Khadem; S. D. Sharifi
Abstract
The effects of phytase and glycosidase supplementation to diets containing rice bran on broiler performance were investigated by using 200 day old (308 Ross) broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates. The five dietary treatments were as: corn-soybean meal ...
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The effects of phytase and glycosidase supplementation to diets containing rice bran on broiler performance were investigated by using 200 day old (308 Ross) broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates. The five dietary treatments were as: corn-soybean meal based diet; diet containing rice bran; diet containing rice bran supplemented with Natafous; diet containing rice bran supplemented with Safizyme, and diet containing rice bran supplemented with Natafous and Safizyme. The dietary levels of rice bran were 15, 20 and 25 percent for the starting, growing and finishing diets, respectively. Birds fed on rice bran + enzyme added diets consumed less feed (P< 0.05) than those fed on unsupplemented rice bran contained diets. The enzyme addition to rice bran containing diets improved the villi length and weight gain of birds at different rearing periods (P< 0.05). In conclusion, results showed that the Natafous or Safizyme supplementation in diets could improve the performance of broiler chicks when rice bran was used at a level of 15, 20 and 25 percent in starter, grower and finisher diets, respectively.
Mohammad Yazarloo; Seyed Davood Sharifi; Farid Shariatmadari; Abdolreza Salehi
Abstract
In order to determine the optimal levels of energy and protein in grower diet of Japanese quail, 360 dayold Japanese quails were used in a 3×3 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments that comprised threelevels of metabolisable energy (2750, 2850, and 2950 Kcal/kg) and three levels of crude ...
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In order to determine the optimal levels of energy and protein in grower diet of Japanese quail, 360 dayold Japanese quails were used in a 3×3 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments that comprised threelevels of metabolisable energy (2750, 2850, and 2950 Kcal/kg) and three levels of crude protein (24, 26and 28 percent) with four replicates per treatment in a completely randomized design. Feed intake andbody weight were measured weekly and feed conversion ratio was calculated. At 35 d of age, four birds(from both sexes) from each replicate were randomly selected and killed following blood sampling toevaluate carcass traits. The blood samples were assayed for the sera concentrations of growth hormone.Results indicated that birds fed on diets containing 2850 kcal/kg metabolisable energy and 26 percentprotein had higher daily weight gain and better feed conversion ratio and carcass yield (P<0.05). The seraconcentration of growth hormone was higher in birds fed on diet containing 2750 kcal/kg metabolisableenergy (P<0.05). This study indicated that Japanese quails can grow faster and more efficiently on dietcontaining 2850 kcal/kg metabolisable energy and 26 percent protein. Therefore, the diet containing 2850kcal/kg metabolisable energy and 26 percent protein could be recommended as dietary metabolisableenergy and protein requirements for growing Japanese quails.
Ghasem Motaghinia; Homayoun Farhangfar; Mohsen Ahmadi Shahrakht; Abdolahad Shadparvar; Majid Jafari
Abstract
Effects of lamb and parents coefficient of inbreeding (CI) on wool weight were studied using 10,868 wool records belonging to 3,244 Iran Black lambs (1,633 males and 1,611 females) representing 96 rams and 995 ewes collected during 1983-2006 from Animal Breeding Station of Abbas Abad. Year and month ...
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Effects of lamb and parents coefficient of inbreeding (CI) on wool weight were studied using 10,868 wool records belonging to 3,244 Iran Black lambs (1,633 males and 1,611 females) representing 96 rams and 995 ewes collected during 1983-2006 from Animal Breeding Station of Abbas Abad. Year and month of shearing, CI of lamb and dam, sex and birth type had significant affect on wool weight Among 3,244 pedigree animals, 3,005 heads (92.6 percent) were found to be inbred. Mean and standard deviation of CI of lamb, sire and dam in whole population were 8.1±6.1, 6.5±6.1 and 5.3±5.8 percent, respectively. The corresponding figures in inbred population were 9.0±5.7, 7.0±6.1 and 5.7±5.8 percent, respectively. Minimum and maximum CI of lamb was 0 and 36.4 percent, respectively. Increase of CI by one percent was accompanied with a decrease of 26.9 g (quadruplet male), 4.8 g (twin female), 4.3 g (triple female) and 13.1 g (quadruplet female) in wool weight. A decrease of 1.4 g in wool weight of lamb was observed as the CI of dam was increased by one percent. Statistically significant annual change trend were estimated to be 0.2±0.02 percent and 0.1±0.02 percent for whole and inbred populations, respectively. A controlled mating is needed to reduce deleterious effects of inbreeding.
Mokhtar Ali Abbasi; Sima Savar Sofla
Abstract
This study was evaluated some strategies and determined the suitable selection index for Afshari sheep using simulated data. The relative importance of traits was determined based on the estimated economic values and consequently, the most benefit traits were applied to selection indexes construction. ...
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This study was evaluated some strategies and determined the suitable selection index for Afshari sheep using simulated data. The relative importance of traits was determined based on the estimated economic values and consequently, the most benefit traits were applied to selection indexes construction. The interest indexes were different combination of traits including ewe body weight (EBW), annual wools weight (AWW) and total weaning weight for each exposed ewe (TWWEE). The index 1 was included all three mentioned traits. The indexes two, three and four were included (AWW, TWWEE), (EBW, TWWEE) and (TWWEE), respectively. The results indicated that the aggregate genotype, selection index and economic progress increased by increasing in the population size and decreasing in ram ratio, but made reduction in inbreeding average, in all indexes. In more cases, the aggregate genotype decreased by removing a trait in the index. The comparisons among indexes indicated that the most suitable selection index for this breed is index 1 which included EBW, AWW and TWWEE. This index had a maximum selection index average, aggregate genotype and economic progress.
Yahya Mohammadi; Mohammad Mahdi Shariati; Saeed Zerehdaran; Mohammad Razmkabir; Mohammad Bagher Sayyadnejad; Mohammad Bagher Zandi
Abstract
Genomic Selection (GS) is a tool for prediction of breeding values for quantitative traits. For a successful application of GS, accuracy of predicted genomic breeding value (GEBV) is a key issue to consider. Here we investigated the accuracy of GEBV in 345 genotyped Iranian Holstein cattle. The study ...
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Genomic Selection (GS) is a tool for prediction of breeding values for quantitative traits. For a successful application of GS, accuracy of predicted genomic breeding value (GEBV) is a key issue to consider. Here we investigated the accuracy of GEBV in 345 genotyped Iranian Holstein cattle. The study was performed on milk, fat, protein yield and somatic cell count. Four methods G-BLUP, Bayes B, Reproducing kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS) and Neural Networks (NN) were used to predict genomic breeding values and their accuracies. The GEBV accuracies varied between 0.39 for somatic cell count to 0.73 for fat yield. Bayes B gave the highest accuracies among methods. Bayes B and non- parametric methods tended to produce inflated predictions (slope of the regression of GBV on EBV greater than 1). However, in all traits, lower estimates of MSE were obtained using G- BLUP. Bayes B regression model are of interest for future applications of genomic selection in this population, but further improvements are needed to reduce deflation of their predictions.
Rostam AbdolahiArpanahi
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare three parametric (GBLUP, BayesB and RKHS) and two resampling (Bagging GBLUP and Random Forest) statistical methods in genomic prediction of traits with different genetic architecture. A genome consisting of three chromosomes, 1 Morgan each, was simulated on ...
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The objective of this study was to compare three parametric (GBLUP, BayesB and RKHS) and two resampling (Bagging GBLUP and Random Forest) statistical methods in genomic prediction of traits with different genetic architecture. A genome consisting of three chromosomes, 1 Morgan each, was simulated on which 5000 SNPs and 50, 100 and 200 QTLs were distributed. The substitutions effects of QTLs were modeled with normal, gamma and uniform distributions with a level of heritability equal to 0.30. The predictive performance of statistical models was evaluated using the correlation between predicted and true breeding values as well as the regression of predicted values on true breeding values. In the target population, Random Forest resulted in overestimation of estimated regression coefficients while GBLUP, BayesB and RKHS led to an underestimation of regression coefficients of true breeding values on predicted breeding values. In exception of Bagging GBLUP, the performance of all statistical methods was the same in three gene effect distributions. However, the performance of GBLUP and BayesB was better than other statistical methods. A reason for this superiority could be the additive architecture of simulated traits. In conclusion, GBLUP and BayesB were superior over resampling methods in genomic predictions.
Zahra Alimoradi Tamrin; Hassan Darmani Kohi; navid gavi hosseinzadeh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of Galbanum essential oil (GEO) and xylanase on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks, a total of 160 one-day old chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used to four dietary treatments based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. The ...
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In order to investigate the effects of Galbanum essential oil (GEO) and xylanase on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks, a total of 160 one-day old chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used to four dietary treatments based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. The factors included were xylanase (0 and 0.2 gr/kg of diet) and GEO (0 and 0.1 gr/kg of diet). During the experimental periods (0-10 d, 11-24 d and 25-42 d), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. At days 21 and 42 of age two chicks from each replicate were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristic and ileal microbial populations of E. coli and Lactobacillus. Adding enzymes to the diet increased BWG in growing period and improved FCR in the growing and in the entire period of the experiment. At 21 day of age, GEO supplementation alone or GEO and xylanase as mixed significantly (P
Farzo Allah Mostafaei; Mohammad Ebrahim Nooriyan Soroor; mohammad moeini
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding of dried Molasses Distillers Condensed Soluble with bran (MDCS+B) to diets on growth performance, fermentation parameters, protozoa population and some blood biochemical parameters of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban male lambs (Weight average ...
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of adding of dried Molasses Distillers Condensed Soluble with bran (MDCS+B) to diets on growth performance, fermentation parameters, protozoa population and some blood biochemical parameters of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban male lambs (Weight average 35 ± 0.5) and 4 month age old were used in 3 treatments for 74 (14 days adaptation and 60 days experiment) days in randomized completely design. Lambs were offered either MDCS+B (control, CON) or the concentrate supplemented with 25 % MDCS+B; or 50% MDCS+B. Lambs were weighed at weekly intervals and blood samples were collected on days 30 and 60 .The rumen fluid samples were collected on days 60 during the fattening period. The results showed that dry matter intake were not different between dietary treatments at second month and total period of experiment as compared to the control group. The addition of MDCS + B at level of 25% increased ruminal ammonia concentration by 10.35% (P=0.054) and total rumen volatile fatty acids concentration increased by 46 % as compared to the control group (P= 0.016). The total protozoa population were not influence by MDCS+B. The price of each kilogram of ration for 25 and 50% MDCS + B were 74 and 155 Tomans respectively, when compared with the control group. The overall results of this study showed that the use of MDCS + B reducing feed costs and can be used up to 50% of concentrate.
masoud alipanah
Abstract
In order to determine the interference of dominant effects on the estimation of genetic parameters, two models including additive and additive-dominance were used for estimation of genetic parameters of carcass traits in 631 hybrid beef bulls. Data analysis was conducted using Plink (V. 1.9) ...
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In order to determine the interference of dominant effects on the estimation of genetic parameters, two models including additive and additive-dominance were used for estimation of genetic parameters of carcass traits in 631 hybrid beef bulls. Data analysis was conducted using Plink (V. 1.9) and GVCBLUP (V. 3.9) softwares. Results of this study showed that most carcass quality traits have high heritability,but two traits namely hot carcass weight and ultrasound ribeye area had low heritability (0.15 and 0.11). Dominance variances have high contribution to the total variation of hot carcass weight, ultrasound ribeye area, ultrasound backfat thickness and ribeye area (0.13, 0.44, 0.89 and 0.33 respectively). However, dominant effect for other traits (lean meat yield, marbling score, backfat thickness, ultrasound ribeye area and grade of carcass) was not observed or was in very low amount. When dominance variance is low, its effect on GBLUP estimates is negligible. The estimates of heritability did not change significantly by the adding dominance effect into the model. The most important genomic regions that affect the carcass quality traits were belong to LAP3, THBS4 and PCDH9 genes. It is suggested that for the better understanding of the genetic structure of traits and better breeding plan, the dominance effects should be added into the model for geneticparameter estimation.
Siavash Manzoori; Amir Hossein Khaltabadi Farahani; Mohammad Hossein Moradi
Abstract
The present study was conducted in order to select effective markers in breed discrimination and compare the performance of SNP marker selection methods with the data of 304 animals from 14 different breeds that were genotyped using the Illumina SNP50K marker panel. Knowledge of genetic structure are ...
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The present study was conducted in order to select effective markers in breed discrimination and compare the performance of SNP marker selection methods with the data of 304 animals from 14 different breeds that were genotyped using the Illumina SNP50K marker panel. Knowledge of genetic structure are very important for better understanding of genetic changes in genomic studies. The information content of each marker is used as an index for selecting markers in reducing the size of marker panels. To estimate the information content of each marker, the following selection methods were used: Fst (pairwise & global), Theta, Delta, D, Gst, G'st, G"st and Principal Component Analysis. In this study, the logarithm of the likelihood ratio was used to select markers. According to the results, all selection methods for identifying markers had similar performance. The number of common markers between the methods was at least 42 markers and at most 499 SNP markers. In general, the F_ST statistical method required a smaller number of markers to achieve a successful assignment. G'st and G"st statistics showed poor performance with more than 350 markers to achieve 95% correct assignment. It should be noted that with only the top 60 selected markers, it is possible to achieve a success rate of more than 70%. According to the results, Wright's paired Fst had better performance than other SNP selection methods. The obtained results lead to the creation of exclusive panels to identify various breeds, which have great economic importance.
seyyed ziaodin mirhosseini; Shahla Nematollahian; Seyed Hossein Hosseini Moghaddam; Navid Ghavi-Hossein-Zadeh; Ramin Abdoli; Yosof Kheikhah
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the performance of the hybrids obtained by crosses of the six Japanese silkworm lines named IRA1, IRA3, IRA5, IRA7, IRA9, and IRA11 and six Chinese silkworm lines named IRA2, IRA4, IRA6, IRA8, IRA10, and IRA12. The new hybrids derived from these lines along ...
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the performance of the hybrids obtained by crosses of the six Japanese silkworm lines named IRA1, IRA3, IRA5, IRA7, IRA9, and IRA11 and six Chinese silkworm lines named IRA2, IRA4, IRA6, IRA8, IRA10, and IRA12. The new hybrids derived from these lines along with available commercial hybrids (as control groups) for six traits including cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell percentage, best cocoon weight, pupation rate and best cocoon pupation rate were measured and recorded in spring 2020. The IRA7×IRA6 and IRA7×IRA12 hybrids had more performance in comparison with commercial hybrids in terms of productive traits including cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight (p<0.01), but, when productive and viability traits (pupation rate and best cocoon pupation rate) were considered together in an evaluation index, they were not among the selected hybrids. Commercial 31×32 hybrid in terms of cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell percentage had more performance in comparison with the other hybrids (new and commercial) (p<0.01). Hybrids had a significant difference for pupation rate and best cocoon pupation rate (p<0.01), and the IRA5×RA12, IRA1×IRA10 and IRA11×IRA6 hybrids showed the lowest mean for both traits in comparison with other hybrids (p<0.01). The obtained results showed that seven hybrids including IRA9×IRA2, IRA11×IRA2, IRA3×IRA6, IRA3×IRA2, IRA7×IRA4, IRA7×IRA10 and IRA7×IRA8 were greater than the minimum set for every six traits. Among these hybrids, some will be chosen in the commercial production line based on their performance in the field and regional experiments to supply the country's required silkworm eggs.
Abbas Mirzapour-Abibagloo; Nemat Hedayat; Reza Khalkhali-Evrigh; Reza Seyedsharifi
Abstract
Introduction Iranian sheep breeds, due to the climate diversity of country, show high diversity and have acquired high adaptability. Compromise with poor quality feed, tolerance of adverse weather and manageable body size are among the factors that probably caused sheep to adapt to different climates. ...
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Introduction Iranian sheep breeds, due to the climate diversity of country, show high diversity and have acquired high adaptability. Compromise with poor quality feed, tolerance of adverse weather and manageable body size are among the factors that probably caused sheep to adapt to different climates. Heretofore, several studies have been carried out in the field of identification of selection signatures in the different native breeds based on SNP-chip data. However, the use of whole genome data can provide researchers with more information about the differences between breeds and their genetic capacities. Identifying and evaluating the effects of climate on the genome of native breeds of Iranian sheep can be effective in designing breeding and conservation strategies. The aim of the present study was to identify the signs of selection related to Iranian sheep compared to the Romanov breed at the genomic level.Materials and Methods For present study, we used the whole-genome sequencing data related to 43 Iranian and non-Iranian sheep available in the NCBI database. These reads, after performing quality control, were aligned to the sheep reference genome by BWA program. Here, RealignerTargetCreator and IndelRealigner commands available in the GATK program were used to realign around insertions and deletions. Then, the HaplotypeCaller algorithm was used to identify the variants of all samples in ERC GVCF mode. Further, using GenotypeGVCFs module, the variants of all samples were simultaneously identified and finally a VCF file containing raw variants was created. Using the SelectVariants command of the GATK program, all SNPs were separated from other variants. After applying multiple quality filters, high-quality SNPs were extracted and only bi-allelic SNPs present in autosomal chromosomes were used for downstream analysis. Putative selection signatures were identified by using two methods including Fst and XP-EHH. Genes located in positively selected genomic regions were extracted using BEDtools program and the GTF file related to the sheep genome. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed on selected genes by "g:Profiler" web-based tool.Results and Discussion Here, Fst and XP-EHH methods were used to identify the signatures of selection related to Iranian sheep in comparison with Romanov sheep. After converting Fst values to ZFst, 958 genomic windows containing 907 protein-coding genes were detected that had scores above the threshold (ZFst > 3.35). GO analysis on 907 genes identified by the ZFst method led to the identification of 157 significant GO terms in the field of biological processes. In addition, 26 significant terms related to molecular functions and 5 significant terms related to cellular components were also identified. The number of genomic windows identified by the XP-EHH method was 953, which contained a total of 311 protein-coding genes. Among identified genes for each method, 29 genes were detected by both methods as signatures of selection for Iranian sheep. From the GO analysis of 29 common genes, no significant term was obtained. However, these genes were involved on traits related to improving milk fat quality (PCCB), fertility (SPATA5, RAB35 and DICER1), muscle growth and development (NF1, AKAP6 and HDAC9), body weight (FBXL3, GRID2 and ADAMTS17), adaptability to harsh desert and mountain condition (BMPR2 and NF1) and also, milk related traits (EXOC6B).Conclusion The results showed that Iranian sheep were probably selected to adapt to dry desert areas and improve the quality of meat and milk. The gradual accumulation of such information in different populations will improve the understanding and knowledge of researchers and breeders and will help them to implement efficient breeding programs.
Hossein Mohammadi; Amir Hossein Khaltabadi Farahani; Mahdieh Mehdipour
Abstract
Objective: Identifying selection signatures can provide valuable insights into genomic regions that are under positive selection, which in turn leads to a better understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships Over the past few decades,, selection programs in broiler chicken have been based on ...
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Objective: Identifying selection signatures can provide valuable insights into genomic regions that are under positive selection, which in turn leads to a better understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships Over the past few decades,, selection programs in broiler chicken have been based on fast growing and increased feed efficiency. On the other hand, this selection for rapid growth has been resulted an accumulation of fatty tissue and decrease of chicken meat quality, it has been new challenges in poultry breeding due to genetic correlation between rapid growing and fat deposition. The aim of the present study was to identify genomic regions under positive selection associated with body fat deposition in seven-week-old broiler chickens using a statistical method based on linkage disequilibrium.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, a total 475 chickens from two chicken lines divergently selected were obtained using the Illumina chicken 60 K SNP chip. The broilers used in this study were from two Chinese broiler lines. In the first step, for the detected regions of the genome were evaluated using the XP-EHH method based on linkage disequilibrium using Selscan software v.2.0. Candidate genomic regions and genes were identified by SNPs located at 1% upper range of XP-EHH values in ten creeping windows. Finally, GeneCards and DAVID databases were also used to interpret the function of the obtained genes. Additionally, the latest published version of Animal genome database was used for defining QTLs associated with fat deposition traits in identified locations.
Results: Candidate genes STAB2, TAPT1, JDP2, FNDC3B, PTPN11, ADIPOR1 and SLC44A3 obtained these regions. Further investigation using bioinformatics tools showed these genomic regions overlapped with lipid metabolism, fatty acid transport, lipoprotein receptors, glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Various genes that were founded within these regions can be considered as candidates under selection based on function. Also, a survey on extracted QTLs showed that these QTLs involved in some economically important traits in chicken such as abdominal fat weight and carcass fat weight traits.
Conclusion: However, will be necessary to carry out more association and functional studies to demonstrate the implication of genes obtained from association analyses. Identifying important economic traits and locating parts of the genome that have changed as a result of selection could be used in poultry breeding programs. The results of our research can be used to understand the genetic mechanism controlling fat deposition trait and using these findings could potentially be useful for genetic selection in chicken for increasing body weight while reducing body fat deposition during a broiler breeding.
mohammad asadi; reza kamali; nader asadzadeh
Abstract
Objective: The various challenges that cows face in late pregnancy have lasting effects, affecting aspects of the calf's metabolism at birth and post-colostrum immunity. On the other hand, the increase in oxidative stress and excessive production of free radicals during the transfer period affects the ...
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Objective: The various challenges that cows face in late pregnancy have lasting effects, affecting aspects of the calf's metabolism at birth and post-colostrum immunity. On the other hand, the increase in oxidative stress and excessive production of free radicals during the transfer period affects the growing fetus. This effect can alter the ability of calves to defend themselves against pathogens and cope with stressors, leading to changes in body weight, performance and skeletal development during the critical first month of life. Identifying and optimizing the effect of specific nutrients in the animal health program can be an efficient management strategy to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation associated with the transition period, followed by immune disorders and impaired health and growth of calves; In this regard, vitamins and minerals are known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. Providing essential micronutrients to the mother during pregnancy is an effective way to meet the needs of the baby.
Material and Methods: This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of injecting minerals and vitamins in the late pregnancy of cows on performance, stool consistency, some blood metabolites, antioxidant status and skeletal growth indicators of their calves. For this purpose, 32 pregnant cows were selected based on the calving cycle, age, body weight and body condition score and were divided into 4 treatments and 8 repetitions in the form of a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments included: 1) control group (no vitamin and mineral supplement injection), 2) treatment receiving injectable vitamin supplement, 3) treatment receiving injectable mineral supplement and 4) treatment receiving vitamin and mineral supplement injection together. Supplements were injected 28 days before calving. After birth, calves born from each group were examined for 35 days. Blood samples were taken from calves at the end of the ex-perimental period (35 days after birth) to measure blood parameters.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that birth weight, day 35 weight, daily weight gain and total dry matter consumption of calves born from mothers receiving minerals, vitamins and minerals and vitamins were increased compared to the control group (P≥0.05). In the treatments receiving minerals, vitamins, and minerals and vitamins, an increase in colostrum IgG, IgG consumed by each calf, and serum IgG of calves was observed at birth and three days after birth (P≥0.05). Also, maternal injection of minerals and vitamins improved stool consistency and reduced the number of animals suffering from diarrhea; So that the best result was obtained from the simultaneous injection of minerals and vitamins (P≥0.05). On the other hand, the concentration of glucose, total protein and albumin of calves receiving maternal minerals, vitamins and minerals and vitamins were associated with a significant change compared to the control treatment (P≥0.05). Maternal injection increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and decreased the total antioxidant status in calves compared to control calves (P≥0.05). The superoxide dismutase enzyme activity of calves born from the group receiving minerals and vitamins at the same time was associated with an increase, and the highest change in catalase activity was related to calves receiving treatment of minerals, and minerals and vitamins. In the calves born from the treatments receiving minerals, vitamins and minerals and vitamins, the height of the withers on the 28st day was increased compared to the control calves (P≥0.05).
Conclusion: In general, the simultaneous injection of minerals and vitamins to animals in the transition period before calving is recommended due to better performance and improvement of the immune system and health of their calves.
Amirhosein Mehranforooz; Hassan Aliarabi; Daryoush Alipour; Abbas Farahavar
Abstract
Objective: The physical characteristics and nutrient balance of feed are among the most critical factors influencing animal health, performance, and feeding behavior of livestock. These factors not only have a direct impact on meeting the nutritional requirements of livestock but also play a key role ...
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Objective: The physical characteristics and nutrient balance of feed are among the most critical factors influencing animal health, performance, and feeding behavior of livestock. These factors not only have a direct impact on meeting the nutritional requirements of livestock but also play a key role in enhancing production efficiency, improving product quality, and mitigating nutrition-related diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feed physical form during late gestation and early lactation in ewes on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and lamb performance after birth.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted using 36 Mehraban breed ewes with an average body weight of 50.17±2.09 kg and an average age of three to four years in a completely randomized experimental design. The experimental treatments included: 1- mash concentrate, 2- pelleted concentrate, and 3- pelleted total mixed ration (TMR). Experimental treatments were provided to ewes during the last two months of pregnancy and the first month of lactation. To evaluate blood biochemical parameters and antioxidant status, blood samples were collected from the ewes at three times (30 days before lambing, day of lambing, and 30 days after lambing) before the morning feeding. Milk yield and milk fat content were also assessed on day 21 postpartum. Also, the performance of the lambs was evaluated by weighing them on the day of birth and weekly until the end of the trial.
Results: The results indicated that feed intake during in the pre- and post-partum periods, as well as milk production, was higher in ewes fed with pelleted TMR and pelleted concentrate compared to those fed with mash concentrate (P<0.05), while the milk fat percentage was not affected by the experimental treatments. Feeding pelleted TMR and pelleted concentrate significantly increased serum glucose and urea concentrations (P<0.05), while other blood parameters, such as cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, and liver enzymes, were not influenced by the experimental treatments. Also, feeding ewes with pelleted feed led to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde concentration and an increase in total antioxidant capacity at certain time points (P < 0.05), indicating a reduction in oxidative stress in animals fed this type of feed. In addition, body weight and daily weight gain of lambs were affected by the physical form of the feed consumed by the ewes at certain time points. Lambs born to ewes fed with pelleted TMR and pelleted concentrate had higher weight and daily weight gain between days seven and 30 of age than those born to ewes fed with mash concentrate (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in lamb birth weight between different treatments.
Conclusions: Overall, the results of this study indicated that feeding ewes with pelleted TMR and pelleted concentrate during late pregnancy and early lactation can improve ewe performance, improve lamb performance, increase certain biochemical parameters, and enhance the antioxidant status of the ewes' blood. These findings emphasize the effective role of the physical form of feed as an effective tool in optimizing animal health, production performance, and welfare.
Maryam Mahmoodinejad; Bahram Shohreh; Zarbakht Ansari Pirsaraei; Soheil Yousefi
Abstract
Objective: The use of probiotics and medicinal plants as growth promoters and alternatives to antibiotics in the diet of broiler chickens leads to the prevention of the the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria, including coliforms, increased resistance to pathogens, promotes the synthesis of antioxidants ...
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Objective: The use of probiotics and medicinal plants as growth promoters and alternatives to antibiotics in the diet of broiler chickens leads to the prevention of the the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria, including coliforms, increased resistance to pathogens, promotes the synthesis of antioxidants and antibacterials, stimulates local immunity, and improves immune system function. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of adding sea galangal (Alpinia officinarum) powder and probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood cell population, caecal bacterial population, and ileum tissue morphology of Japanese quail under heat stress conditions
Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted using 480 quail chicks in a completely randomized design with 24 experimental units, six treatments, and four replications. Experimental treatments included: 1- Control (basal diet without galangal powder or probiotics); 2- Basal diet with 50 mg of galangal powder; 3- Basal diet with 100 mg of galangal powder; 4- Basal diet with 50 mg of galangal powder+ 0.2 g/kg lactofeed probiotic; 5- Basal diet with 100 mg of galangal powder+ 0.2 g/kg lactofeed probiotic; 6- Basal diet with 0.2 g/kg lactofeed probiotic only. Performance traits (weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) of quail chicks were evaluated at 10, 20, and 35 days of age and over the whole period. Carcass characteristics, blood cells, caecal bacterial populations, and ileum tissue morphology were also assessed.
Results: The use of galangal powder and probiotics significantly improved feed intake and feed conversion ratio under heat stress conditions. Carcass yield was higher in quail that received galangal powder + probiotics (P<0.05). The heterophil level and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocytes count in quail fed diets containing galangal powder and probiotics were lower than in the control group under heat stress conditions (P<0.05). The population of lactic acid bacteria in the cecum of birds fed diets containing galangal powder and probiotics was higher than in other treatments (P<0.05). Under heat stress conditions, the total bacterial population and the population of cecum coliforms were higher in the control treatment than in other experimental groups. Villus height, crypt thickness, and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the ileum tissue were higher in birds fed 50 mg of galangal powder+ 0.2 g/kg probiotic than in the control treatment under heat stress conditions (P<0.05); while the highest crypt depth was observed in birds fed the control treatment. The parameters of crypt diameter, inner and outer muscle layer thickness of ileum tissue were not affected by any of the experimental treatments under heat stress conditions.
Conclusions: In conclusion, adding 50 mg of sea galangal powder + 0.2 g/kg lactofeed probiotics to the basal diet under heat stress conditions significantly improved carcass yield, caecal bacterial population, blood cell counts, and ileum tissue morphology of Japanese quail.
Hasan Rouhanipour; Kazem Yussefi Kelarikolaei; seyed davood sharifi; Seyyed Abdollah Hosseini; Hussein Yussefi Kelarikolaei
Abstract
Objective: Optimizing the balance between metabolizable energy (ME) intake and expenditure is essential for broiler diet formulation and levels of other dietary nutrients for efficient conversion of feed into muscle mass. The Arian broiler is one of the meat breeds that originated in Iran and given that ...
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Objective: Optimizing the balance between metabolizable energy (ME) intake and expenditure is essential for broiler diet formulation and levels of other dietary nutrients for efficient conversion of feed into muscle mass. The Arian broiler is one of the meat breeds that originated in Iran and given that several decades have passed since the Arian line entered in the Iran; it is necessary to conduct continuous nutritional experiments to more accurately estimate their requirements in terms of improving growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass efficiency and increasing muscle mass by increasing the density of nutrients such as amino acids (AA). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary energy and AA levels on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Arian broilers.
Materials and Methods: The effects of dietary energy and AA levels on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of Arian broiler chickens was investigated with a total of 720 one-day old broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with six treatments, five replicates and 24 birds per each for 42 days. The experimental treatments included T1:control diet (energy and amino acid levels throughout the breeding period accordance with the guidelines for the Arian broiler strain), T2:diet with less energy level during the starter and grower periods and then according to the Arian requairements guide until the end of the period, T3:diet with less energy and amino acid levels during the starter and grower periods and then according to the guide until the end of the period, T4:diet with less energy level during the starter and grower periods and then higher amino acid levels in the finisher period, T5:diet with less energy and amino acid levels in the starter and grower periods and then higher amino acid levels in the finisher period, T6:starter and grower period diet according to the Arian requairements guide and then higher amino acid levels in the finisher period.
Results: The daily weight gain of birds fed T6 increased compared to T3 and T5 (P<0.05). Birds that received T6 had a higher glucose level and lower low-density lipoprotein, compared to the birds that received the control diet (P<0.05). The relative breast weight and production index of birds that were fed T6 increased compared to the birds that fed T1 and T3 (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The economic calculations of the design showed that it is possible to use the advantage of the energy and amino acid levels in the diet of Arian broilers. Overall, feeding a starter and grower period diet according to the Arian requairements guide and then higher amino acid levels in the finisher period which had positive effects on growth performance and economic indicators in Arian broilers, is recommended.
Javad Mohammad Moradi; Ali Akbar Khadem; Seyed Ahmad Hosseini; Arash Veshkini; Ali Asadi Alamouti; Abdollah Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh
Abstract
In vitro maturation (IVM) was carried out in the presence of different concentrations (10, 50, 100 or 200 µM) of α-linolenic acid (ALA). Embryonic cleavage, blastocyst formation following parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), and numbers of total and apoptotic ...
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In vitro maturation (IVM) was carried out in the presence of different concentrations (10, 50, 100 or 200 µM) of α-linolenic acid (ALA). Embryonic cleavage, blastocyst formation following parthenogenetic activation (PA) and in vitro fertilization (IVF), and numbers of total and apoptotic cells in blastocyst were then determine for the 50 μM concentration and compared with the control group. Out data revealed that ALA increased maturation (MII) rate as compared with control group (P<0.05) and oocytes in 200 μM ALA group showed a lower MII rate as compared with the control group. When oocytes treated with 50 μM ALA were subsequently used for PA or IVF, a higher (P<0.05) rate of blastocyst formation was observed and these embryos had a higher total cell number and a lower apoptotic cell number (P<0.05) as compared with the control group. In conclusion, our results show that supplementation of maturation medium with 50 μM ALA had a positive effect on meiotic maturation by increasing the MII rate and this in turn, stimulated blastocyst formation and also improved quality of the yielded blastocysts.
Maryam Moghadam Mousaabadi; Homayoun Farhangfar; Moslem Bashtani; AliReza Eghbal
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to apply logistic analysis for investigating some factorsaffecting incidence probability of milk fat depression (MFD) in early lactation of Iranian Holstein cows.The data set was comprised 80381 test day records (milk, fat and protein traits) belonging to 80254 ...
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The objective of the present research was to apply logistic analysis for investigating some factorsaffecting incidence probability of milk fat depression (MFD) in early lactation of Iranian Holstein cows.The data set was comprised 80381 test day records (milk, fat and protein traits) belonging to 80254 firstparity cows in 427 herds with calving year between 1995 and 2009. Based on fat to protein percentagesfor the first month of the lactation and also with respect to threshold point of -0.12, dependent variablewas defined as a dichotomous (zero code for lack of MFD and unit code for MFD) variable. A logisticmixed generalized linear model was fitted on the data using GLIMMIX procedure of SAS software. Inthe model, fixed effects of sperm type (local or exotic), production season, first calving age, cow type(grade or pure Holstein) and random effect of animal’s sire were included. Cow type had no significantaffect on MFD. Estimation of odds ratio for comparing different ages was found to be 1.112 indicatingthat cows calving at lower age of 25 months are expected to show MFD by 11.2 percent smore than thecows calving at the greater ages. The estimate of odds ratio for comparing of spring with summer, autumnand winter seasons were 0.73, 0.722 and 1.182, respectively. The corresponding figures for summer ascompared to autumn and winter seasons were 0.987 and 1.615, respectively, and autumn as compared towinter was found to be 1.636. Daughters of the local bulls are expected to show MFD by 10.8 percentmore than that of the daughters of the foreign bulls.
Seyede Atiye Mojaverian; Shahabodin Gharahveysi; Mohsen Hajipour
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic forms of copper, zinc, and manganese on broiler breeder hens' productive and reproductive performance of Ross 308 broiler breeders at 33 and 36 weeks.
Method: In this study, 240 hens and 30 roosters of Ross 308 strain ...
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Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic forms of copper, zinc, and manganese on broiler breeder hens' productive and reproductive performance of Ross 308 broiler breeders at 33 and 36 weeks.
Method: In this study, 240 hens and 30 roosters of Ross 308 strain were used in 30 experimental pens. This research was carried out as a factorial experiment 2×3 with three types of minerals (copper, zinc, and manganese) and two forms (organic and inorganic) in a completely randomized design with six treatments, five replications, and 8 hens and one rooster in each replication. Weeks 29 to 32 were considered as the adaptation period. The experimental treatments included: 1) diet containing inorganic zinc, 2) diet containing organic zinc, 3) diet containing inorganic copper, 4) diet containing organic copper, 5) diet containing inorganic manganese, and 6) diet containing organic manganese. The required amount of elements in inorganic form was 16 mg/kg for copper (copper sulfate), 90 mg/kg for zinc (zinc sulfate) and 130 mg/kg for manganese (manganese sulfate) and the recommended amount of elements in organic form in the present study was 13.33 mg/kg for copper (copper-methionine), 48.65 mg/kg for zinc (zinc-methionine) and 73.86 mg/kg for manganese (manganese-methionine). The data obtained by LSmeans method were analyzed by SAS statistical software.
Results: The results indicated that the use of diets containing organic forms of elements had a significant effect on egg production traits, including egg production rate, egg mass, egg weight, hatchable eggs, fertility rate, hatchability, and the weight of hatched chicks (P< 0.05). Specifically, organic zinc enhanced the percentage of egg production, egg weight, and egg mass during weeks 33 and 36 of the study. However, inorganic zinc demonstrated a better effect on egg mass compared to inorganic manganese (P< 0.05). Furthermore, the effect of organic and inorganic copper, as well as inorganic zinc, on the percentage of egg production in these weeks was significantly greater than that of inorganic manganese (P< 0.05). Similarly, regarding egg weight, a significant positive effect was observed from the combination of organic copper and inorganic zinc, which performed better than inorganic copper and organic and inorganic manganese (P< 0.05). The results also revealed that the effect of organic zinc on the percentage of hatchable eggs was significantly greater than that of other organic and inorganic elements among the treatments in the weeks studied (P< 0.05). In addition, the findings regarding hatchability indicated that the effects of both organic and inorganic zinc surpassed those of other elements (P< 0.05). The influence of these elements on the fertility rate was also significant, with organic and inorganic zinc exhibiting a higher effect than other organic and inorganic elements (P< 0.05). Lastly, the impact of the studied elements on the weight of freshly hatched chicks demonstrated the superiority of organic zinc compared to other organic and inorganic elements.
Conclusions: In general, the effect of organic form of elements on the studied traits was greater than the inorganic form of elements, and the highest and lowest effect of the treatments on the studied traits were related to organic zinc and inorganic manganese, respectively. Based on the present results, the use of organic forms of elements (especially organic zinc) is recommended to improve the production and reproductive traits of broiler breeders.
maryam bazgiri; Jamal Fayazi; mohammad salehi; vahid jajarmi
Abstract
Introduction: Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is a negative regulator for muscle differentiation and growth in various mammals and plays a key role in muscle growth and meat quality. Today, CRISPR technology can be used to accurately change any attribute. ...
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Introduction: Myostatin (MSTN) is a member of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is a negative regulator for muscle differentiation and growth in various mammals and plays a key role in muscle growth and meat quality. Today, CRISPR technology can be used to accurately change any attribute. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology creates double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the target region of DNA, which can be repaired by homology repair (HDR) in the presence of the corresponding homologous repair template or by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).Materials and Methods: Guide RNAs (sgRNA) were designed using CRISPOR online software. Eggs collected from 150 Varami sheep were placed in 50-microliter drops of culture medium in an incubator containing 7% CO2 and 95% humidity. 22-24 hours after IVM, a mixture of two guide RNAs cloned in a CRISPR vector was injected into each oocyte at a concentration of 30 ng with a microinjection microscope. After microinjection, the parthenogenesis method was used to fertilize the eggs. After the activation of the eggs in the wells of the 96-well plate, the bottom of which was covered with cumulus cells and sage medium for eight days in an incubator with a temperature of 38.5 degrees Celsius and 7% CO2gas, they were cultivated under conditions of maximum humidity. After eight days, the zygotes that had reached the embryonic stage were analyzed with a fluorescent microscope. The embryos of the test group that emitted green light, as well as one embryo from the control group, were individually placed in nine microliters of DNA Lysis to prepare their genomes. They were incubated in a temperature program of one hour at 65 degrees and ten minutes at 90 degrees. In order to investigate the gene editing of the embryos that emitted green light, the PCR products of five greened embryos along with one embryo of the control group were sequenced by the trench method.Results and Discussion: Finally, 12 sheep embryos were produced, which were analyzed with a fluorescent microscope, and a total of five embryos emitted green light. The green light indicated that they had received the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Among the five embryos, two of the embryos with guide RNA 1 showed a single nucleotide deletion upstream of PAM. Additionally, two of the embryos showed a single nucleotide deletion in guide RNA 2, while one of the embryos remained unchanged. Sequence analysis of the knockout embryos revealed that 83% of the cells were cut. After creating two types of single nucleotide deletions in different positions of sheep embryos, the effect of this genomic editing was detected by examining the amino acid sequence of the embryos in the control group and those carrying the mutation. It was observed that the deletion of a single nucleotide caused by guide RNA resulted in a change in the genome framework and termination code, leading to a shorter amino acid sequence in the edited sheep compared to the control group. This research marked the first time that laboratory embryos of Varamin sheep genetically manipulated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology were produced.Conclusion: The nucleotide sequence of MSTN gene in Varami sheep was different from the sequence recorded in NCBI. Five embryos showed CRISPR technology markers. Both of the designed guide RNAs caused mutations in the nucleotide sequence and termination code in the amino acid sequence.