Yasamin Bahri; hossein Moravej
Volume 25, Issue 2 , July 2023, , Pages 183-199
Abstract
Introduction: Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus mold, and aflatoxin B1 is the most dangerous form of this toxin. In addition, aflatoxin B1 in poultry causes low productivity and high sensitivity to diseases and the use of inorganic and organic toxin binders is ...
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Introduction: Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus mold, and aflatoxin B1 is the most dangerous form of this toxin. In addition, aflatoxin B1 in poultry causes low productivity and high sensitivity to diseases and the use of inorganic and organic toxin binders is one of the nutritional strategies to confront aflatoxins.
Materials and Methods: In this research, the effects of adding multi-component toxin binder to diets containing aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, blood parameters, and liver histology by using 180 male broilers day-olds (Ross 308) in a factorial experiment (3×3), with three levels of toxin binder (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 kg/ton) and three levels of aflatoxin B1 (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) were studied based on a completely randomized design in nine treatments, four replications, and five chickens in each replicate.
Results: The results showed that using the 1.0 kg/ton of toxin binder, significantly reduced negative effects of 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 on the average daily weight gain, live weight and average daily feed intake in the total period (P<0.05). But the birds consuming the treatment containing 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and 1.0 kg/ton of toxin binder did not show a significant difference, in the average feed conversion ratio compared to all treatments except the treatment that containing 0.0 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and 0.5 kg/ton of toxin binder. The regression equation (Y= 7.5298x+ 53.377) with (R2= 0.78), was obtained to predict the average daily weight gain of birds fed with treatments containing 0.5 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and different levels of toxin binder. Feeding chickens with diets containing aflatoxin B1, significantly decreased the serum concentration of cholesterol, albumin, and total protein and increased serum concentration of creatinine and urea (P<0.05). In addition, there were not significant effects for the main and interaction of aflatoxin B1 and toxin binder for the blood serum alkaline phosphatase. For liver histological results, portal inflammation was evident in all treatments, but the amount of fibrosis and necrosis was higher in treatments with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 than 0.0 level of its, and in the liver of birds fed with the highest level of aflatoxin B1 (1.0 mg/kg), micro and macro lipid vesicles were observed, which indicates a fatty liver. Also, some hepatocytes lost their cytoplasm due to the storage of a type of glycogen and in some parts, a proliferation of fibroblasts with fine collagen fibers deposition, was observed. The toxin binder did not prevent of the negative effects of aflatoxin B1 on the destruction of liver tissue.
Conclusion: Based on the results, adding 1.0 kg/ton level of multi-component toxin binder to diets containing 0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 can improve the average daily weight gain, live weight, and average daily feed intake of broilers.
Ali Mansouri; Mohammad Hossein Nemati
Volume 25, Issue 2 , July 2023, , Pages 215-227
Abstract
Performance appraisal is the most important focal points of production units. In this study, the Casual Comparative approach applied to measure the performance of active poultry units in Zanjan province. Among the various performance measurement models, total productivity index of Malmquist Index was ...
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Performance appraisal is the most important focal points of production units. In this study, the Casual Comparative approach applied to measure the performance of active poultry units in Zanjan province. Among the various performance measurement models, total productivity index of Malmquist Index was selected because of its greater effectiveness in measuring growth. In order to achieve a comprehensive model, all poultry farms in Zanjan province were considered for study; However, due to the lack of data required, only 30 poultry farms were selected for performance evaluation. In this study, the amount of initial hatching, feed consumption, energy costs, personnel costs and healthcare costs were selected as input variables and final slaughter weight and fertilizer weight were selected as output variables. Specialized software GAMS.34.1.0 and DEA SOLVER (V8) were used for data analysis. The result showed that among the existing decision units (DMUs), in the first period AL12 with 34.9% growth had the highest total productivity growth and AL14 with a decrease of 14.4% Has had the highest productivity decline. Meanwhile, AL14 with the changes in the method of feeding poultry in the second period has had the highest growth of total productivity. On the other hand, although the AL12 unit has had the highest growth in the first period, but due to lack of attention to costs Energy and non-optimal use of grain consumed in the second period are classified as low-growth decision-making units.
Mozhgan Mazhari; Zahra Ranjbari nasab
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 165-175
Abstract
Effect of organic selenium and chromium supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broiler chickens was studied using 200 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens in a 2×2 factorial arrangements with 4 treatments, 5 replicates and 10 birds each. Experimental ...
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Effect of organic selenium and chromium supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broiler chickens was studied using 200 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens in a 2×2 factorial arrangements with 4 treatments, 5 replicates and 10 birds each. Experimental treatments were including 2 levels of Se-Met (0 and 0.4 mg/kg diet) and 2 levels of Cr-Met (0 and 0.4 mg/kg diet). At the end of trial, two birds per replicates were randomly selected and slaughtered to determine carcass traits and meat quality. Cr-Met supplementation increased feed intake during the grower and the whole period (P<0.05). The birds receiving 0.4 mg/kg of Se-Met and Cr-Met diets had the highest body weight gain (BWG) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the grower, finisher and whole periods (P<0.05). The highest BWG and the lowest FCR in whole period belonged to the birds fed by both elements (P<0.05). The highest relative weight of carcass and breast was observed in birds fed with Se-Met and Cr-Met (P<0.05). The highest relative weight of carcass was seen in birds fed both elements (P<0.05). Addition of Se-Met and Cr-Met increased the moisture and water holding capacity and decreased the cooking loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of breast meat (P<0.05). The interaction effect of treatments on meat quality was significant, as the highest water holding capacity and the lowest cooking loss and MDA was seen in broilers fed by both Cr-Met and Se-Met (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment, it is suggested to add Se-Met and Cr-Met to diet to improve growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and stability of broiler chickens.
Amir Hossein Alizadeh-Ghamsari; sayed abdoullah hosseini; Hamidreza Khoshkerdar; Mohammadreza Soleymani Damaneh
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 177-187
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of a domestically produced synbiotic to drinking water on production traits, carcass characteristics and the small intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens. Four hundred one-day-old Ross 308 broilers (a mixture of ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of a domestically produced synbiotic to drinking water on production traits, carcass characteristics and the small intestinal microbial population of broiler chickens. Four hundred one-day-old Ross 308 broilers (a mixture of two sexes with equal proportion) were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 5 replicates, and of 20 birds per each replicate. Experimental treatments included adding levels: zero (control), 50, 100 and 150 g of synbiotic (Biopoul) per 1000 liters of drinking water. At 42 days of age, the addition of 50 or 100 g of synbiotic per 1000 liters of drinking water significantly decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The increase of production index in the group receiving 100 g of Biopoul compared to the control showed a tendency (P = 0.08). Biopoul in the levels of 50, 100 and 150 g increased the total number of lactobacilli and decreased the number of yeasts and molds, coliforms and total gram-negative bacteria in the ileum compared to the control (P<0.05). According to the obtained results, the use of 100 g of synbiotic Biopoul per 1000 liters of drinking water of broiler chickens can improve the production index while helping to balance the small intestinal microbial population.
Majid Ebrahimpour; Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani; Mostafa Yousef Elahi; Mahmoud Ghazaghi
Volume 24, Issue 2 , July 2022, , Pages 213-225
Abstract
The effect of dried corn steep liquor (DCSL) and probiotics on growth performance, intestinal microbial population and humoral immune response of broilers using 320 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement experiment with four DCSL levels (zero, two, four and six percent) ...
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The effect of dried corn steep liquor (DCSL) and probiotics on growth performance, intestinal microbial population and humoral immune response of broilers using 320 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement experiment with four DCSL levels (zero, two, four and six percent) and two levels of probiotic LactoFeed® (zero and 150 mg/kg) were evaluated in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, four replicates and 10 birds per replication for 42 days. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, lactic acid and coliform bacterial populations, as well as the response of broiler chickens' humoral immune system against Newcastle disease, bronchitis and influenza viruses were measured. In the grower, finisher and whole period effect of LactoFeed probiotics and DCSL and their interaction on body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different. In the starter period, birds fed diets containing four percent DCSL consumed more feed and gained more weight than chickens fed diet without DCSL (P<0.05). Interaction of six percent DCSL and probiotic increased feed intake in the starter period compared to diet lacking these compounds (P<0.05). The greatest antibody titer against Newcastle disease, influenza and bronchitis viruses was observed at six percent of DCSL (P<0.05). The interaction of DCSL and probiotics decreased the population of coliforms and increased the population of lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, the use of DCSL and probiotics in the diet of broilers improves the humoral immune response and intestinal microbial population.
Gholamreza Zaboli; mohhamad kameli
Volume 24, Issue 1 , April 2022, , Pages 97-107
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different periods of thermal manipulation during embryogenesis on thermotolerance, hatchability and blood parameters of Ross (308) broilers strain, 608 fertile eggs were used in a completely randomized design of 4 treatments with 4 replicates. Experimental groups ...
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In order to investigate the effects of different periods of thermal manipulation during embryogenesis on thermotolerance, hatchability and blood parameters of Ross (308) broilers strain, 608 fertile eggs were used in a completely randomized design of 4 treatments with 4 replicates. Experimental groups with different thermal manipulation (for control (0 h), 6, 12 and 18 hours) where incubated at 65% humidity and 39.5°C from 7 to 16 days of incubation. At 7 d of incubation, the infertile and undeveloped eggs were removed after the candling. The result showed that thyroid hormones and facial surface temperature, as metabolism and thermotolerance index, decreased significantly in 6-, 12- and 18-hour-treated groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The hatchability was higher in the eggs exposed to zero (control), six- and 12-hour thermal manipulation than in the other groups (P < 0.05), and a reduction of hatchability was observed in the 18-hour treatment group. Hatching time increased significantly in the thermal-treated groups (P < 0.05), whereas treatments did not have any significant effects on the body weight, body length, and quality of chickens (P > 0.05). Yolk sac percentage was higher in the treated groups than in control (P < 0.05). Increasing the length of thermal treatment increased the female sex ratio (P < 0.05) significantly. The blood concentration of uric acid and total protein significantly decreased in 6-, 12- and 18-hour treatment groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on the results of this study, 6 and 12 hours of thermal manipulation induced thermotolerance without adverse effects on hatchability.
Reza Salahi Moghaddam; Mohammad Hossein Shahir
Volume 23, Issue 4 , January 2022, , Pages 535-548
Abstract
In order to evaluate the response of broiler chicks to different levels of dietary ideal protein (Ross 308 strain recommendation and 10% less) and digestible valine to lysine ratio (71, 74, 77, 80, and 83%) in the starter period (one to 10 days of age), a study was performed using 500-day-old male broilers ...
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In order to evaluate the response of broiler chicks to different levels of dietary ideal protein (Ross 308 strain recommendation and 10% less) and digestible valine to lysine ratio (71, 74, 77, 80, and 83%) in the starter period (one to 10 days of age), a study was performed using 500-day-old male broilers in a 2×5 factorial arrangements based on a completely randomized design including 10 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that reducing dietary ideal protein level increased body weight, feed intake and improved feed conversion ratio (P<0.01). The percentage of bone ash and calcium content also increased significantly with decreasing dietary ideal protein (P <0.05). The reduction of the dietary ideal protein level decreased the concentrations of serum cholesterol, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, and phosphorus (P<0.05). The highest average body weight at 10 day of age, weight gain, carcass and breast percentages and the lowest feed conversion ratio were observed at 74% of digestible valine to lysine ratio (P<0.05); while the highest average feed intake, thigh percentage, bone ash and calcium percentage were obtained at 77% of digestible valine to lysine ratio (P<0.05). No significant interaction was observed between the two experimental factors except for the carcass percentage traits (P<0.05) and serum phosphorus concentration (P<0.01). In conclusion, based on the results of this study, a 10% reduction in dietary ideal protein levels is possible by maintaining ideal ratios of essential amino acids. The proper ratio of digestible valine to lysine is recommended to be 74% based on performance indices and carcass traits, and 77% based on bone traits.
Mohammad Hossein nemati; Hassan Almasi; Reza Masomi; mohamad hossein shahir
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 447-457
Abstract
In this research the effect of using domestic (Multibehcil) and imported (Bioplus B2) probiotic supplements and Avilamycin antibiotics were investigated on performance, parameters of blood lipid and small intestine morphology by a sample of 360 male Ross-308 broilers aging 11 to 42 days-old in a completely ...
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In this research the effect of using domestic (Multibehcil) and imported (Bioplus B2) probiotic supplements and Avilamycin antibiotics were investigated on performance, parameters of blood lipid and small intestine morphology by a sample of 360 male Ross-308 broilers aging 11 to 42 days-old in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments, 4 replications and 15 chickens per each replicate. Experimental treatments included 1) without additive (control), 2) diets containing 0.1% of commercial bioplus B2 probiotic, 3) diets containing 0.01% of avilamycin antibiotic and treatments 4) to 6) diets containing 0.05%, 1% and 0.15% of Multibehcil, respectively. The results showed that body weight and feed conversion ratio was improved by using bioplus B2 probiotic and antibiotic (P < 0.05). Body weight and feed conversion ratio in birds receiving 0.1% and 0.15% of Multibehcil were not significantly different from birds receiving bioplus probiotic. Feed intake was not affected by the experimental treatments. Humoral immune response and intestinal morphological parameters in birds receiving 0.15% of Multibehcil was not significantly different from the control group and it was statistically equal to the groups receiving bioplus probiotics and antibiotics. The LDL level of blood showed a significant decrease in Bioplus B2, antibiotic and 0.15% of Multibehcil treatments (P < 0.05). In general, the results indicated that using of Multibehcil at the level of 0.15 percent can be a suitable alternative for both Bioplus B2 and Avilamycin during grower and finisher period in broilers.
Kazem Karimi
Volume 23, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 269-279
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of the Tarragon byproducts on the growth performance, carcass traits, cellular and humoral immunoresponse of broilers, one-day- old one hundred sixty-eight Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated in to four treatment groups in 24 cages (6 replicates per treatment) ...
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In order to investigate the effects of the Tarragon byproducts on the growth performance, carcass traits, cellular and humoral immunoresponse of broilers, one-day- old one hundred sixty-eight Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated in to four treatment groups in 24 cages (6 replicates per treatment) and 7 chicks per replicate. The treatments were included: 1) basal diet (control), 2) basal diet + 500 μl/lit Hydro alcoholic extract of tarragon in drinking water, 3) basal diet + 1% dietary tarragon powder and 4) basal diet + 1% dietary tarragon powder + 500 μl/lit of tarragon extract in drinking water. Results indicated that at the starter, grower, finisher and total periods of time, the birds that were recived 1% dietary tarragon powder had a better growth performance rather than other birds, so that, feed intake and weight gain were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) and feed conversion ratio was improved. In these birds, the relative weights of carcass and bursa of Fabresious was also greater than other birds (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the cellular immunity response (change in foot membrane thickness in response to Phytohemagglutinin injection) and humoral imiunity response (antibody response to Newcastle virus and antibody response to injected SRBC) due to treatments. Based on the results, the use of one percent tarragon powder in the diet of broilers is recommended to improve the growth efficiency and carcass yield.
Hamid Molaiee moghbeli; Mozhgan Mazhari; Omidali Esmaeilipour; Hossein Doomari
Volume 22, Issue 4 , December 2020, , Pages 633-644
Abstract
Effect of different oil sources on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of broilers was studied using 160 male Ross broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 10 birds each. Treatments included: 1) basal diet plus soybean oil, ...
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Effect of different oil sources on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of broilers was studied using 160 male Ross broiler chickens in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 10 birds each. Treatments included: 1) basal diet plus soybean oil, 2) basal diet plus sunflower oil, 3) basal diet plus canola oil and 4) basal diet plus sesame oil. Effect of different oil sources on feed intake was not significant in different periods. In grower, finisher and whole periods, sesame and canola oil fed birds showed better weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to other oil sources. The food cost was significantly higher for diets including sesame oil compared to others and birds fed sesame oil had lower profit than canola and soybean oil fed birds (P<0.05). The relative weight of carcass, breast and thigh was higher in broiler fed with sesame and canola oil (P<0.05). The blood cholesterol decreased significantly in sesame oil treatment (P<0.05). Considering the lower price and higher profit of canola oil containing diets compared to sesame oil and also better performance of birds fed sesame and canola oil, we would recommend using canola oil in broiler diets.
Mohammad Reza Rezvani; Razieh Iranparast
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March 2020, , Pages 129-142
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of adding enzyme preparations and ration formulation on performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora of broilers. Two hundred and fifty six day-old male and female broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain were used in a 2×2×2 ...
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The aim of this research was to study the effect of adding enzyme preparations and ration formulation on performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora of broilers. Two hundred and fifty six day-old male and female broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain were used in a 2×2×2 factorial experiment consisting of two methods of diet formulation (total and digestible amino acid), two levels of Natuzyme Plus (0 and 0.035%) and two levels of Multi-behzyme (0 and 0.02%) as additives. The factors were arranged as a completely randomized design with eight treatments and four replications. Diet formulation based on total amino acids improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the grower and finisher and total periods, but decreased daily feed intake during the finisher and total periods (P ≤ 0.05). It also increased dry matter digestibility, dressing percentage and intestinal length, but it decreased fat digestibility (P ≤ 0.05). Natuzyme Plus increased dry matter, crude protein and fat digestibility and decreased the number of E .coli in the cecum. (P ≤ 0.05). Multibehzyme improved ADG during the grower period, FCR during the finisher period and total period and it increased dry matter, crude protein and crude fat digestibility (P ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that Multi- behzyme could be replaced with Natuzyme Plus, and its inclusion in the diets formulated by digestible amino acid and low protein content can improve the negative outcome of low level protein diets.
Tahereh Mersadi-Sabet-Kordmahale; Maziar Mohiti-Asli; Hassan Darmani-Kuhi
Volume 21, Issue 4 , January 2020, , Pages 521-531
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different inclusion levels of free and microencapsulated essential oil of Ajowan (EOA) herb in broilers diet on growth performance and some ileal bacteria population. A total of 320 one-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely ...
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This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different inclusion levels of free and microencapsulated essential oil of Ajowan (EOA) herb in broilers diet on growth performance and some ileal bacteria population. A total of 320 one-day-old chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with 2×4 factorial arrangement. The dietary factors were 2 different forms of EOA (free and encapsulated) and 4 dietary inclusion levels of EOA (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg). Growth performance parameters were recorded throughout the experiment, and intestinal organs weight and ileal microbial population were measured on 42 day of age. Broilers fed encapsulated EOA in diet had higher body weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio during 1 to 21 day of age than those fed free EOA (P<0.05). Higher relative weight of liver (% of live weight) was achieved in broilers fed diets supplemented with encapsulated EOA (P<0.05). There was a significant interaction between the form and dietary levels of EOA on E. coli count (P<0.05). As a general conclusion, use of encapsulated EOA led to an improvement in body weight gain, FCR, and European Production Index, in the first three weeks of growth and in the whole period of growth phase, respectively.
Mohammad Reza Rezvani; Masoud Arab; Ogholbakht Kami
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 359-369
Abstract
This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of peppermint, thyme and tarragon essential oils on the performance and antibody titer of broilers. In this experiment, a total number of 240 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with eight treatment groups. ...
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This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of peppermint, thyme and tarragon essential oils on the performance and antibody titer of broilers. In this experiment, a total number of 240 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with eight treatment groups. Each treatment was replicated five times with six birds per replicate. Dietary treatments included; control, 200 mg/kg virginiamycin antibiotic, 150 and 200 mg/kg peppermint, thyme and tarragon essential oils. Chickens fed diets supplemented with antibiotic and 200 mg/kg thyme essential oil had significantly higher daily weight gain in comparison to control diet at the period of 21-42 days and 1- 42 days. Feed conversion ratio in birds fed the diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg peppermint essential oil and antibiotic was significantly improved in comparison to control diet. The highest ileum length and the best antibody titer against bronchitis and Gumboro in 42 days old chickens were recorded in150 mg/kg tarragon essential oil, 200 and 150 mg/kg peppermint essential oils, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to supplement 200 mg/kg peppermint or thyme essential oils instead of dietary antibiotics in order to improve performance and antibody titer in broilers.
Fahima Daneshyar; S. Mohammad Hosseini; Akbar Yaghobfar
Volume 21, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 233-246
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of non-starch polysaccarides on performance, energy and protein efficiencies and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks, an experiment was conducted in three periods of starter, grower and finisher period, using 420 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks from both sexes ...
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In order to determine the effect of non-starch polysaccarides on performance, energy and protein efficiencies and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks, an experiment was conducted in three periods of starter, grower and finisher period, using 420 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks from both sexes in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, six replicates and 10 chicks per replicate. The experimental treatments were basal diet, diets containing 0.10 and 0.20 percent of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, diets containing 5 and 10 percent of wheat bran, diets containing three and six percent of soybean hull. The results of the experiment showed that the control treatment had the lowest feed intake during the whole period of breeding (P<0.05). The highest feed intake was related to 10 percent wheat bran and levels of 3 and 6 percent soybean hull (P<0.05). Treatments containing 3 percent soybean hull showed the highest daily weight gain (P<0.05) during the whole experiment. There is no statistical difference for the feed conversion ratio during the whole trial period. The highest relative energy efficiency related to yeast levels were compared to treatments containing wheat bran and soybean hull (P<0.05). The lowest relative energy and protein efficiency was related to 10 percent wheat bran compared to control treatment (P <0.05). The results of the experiment showed that the use of two tenths of yeast, 10 percent wheat bran and six percent soybean hull in the diet of broiler chickens is recommended.
mehrdad nafisi; Mansour Rezaei; sayed abdoullah hosseini; mohamad kazemifard
Volume 21, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 113-125
Abstract
In order to determine effect of various sources of manganese, zinc and copper (Sulfate, foreign and Internal organic) and requirement levels (100, 50% requirement) on performance and immune response of broilers, an expriment was conducted using 480 commercial CAB 500 hybrid broilers in a 2×3 factorial ...
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In order to determine effect of various sources of manganese, zinc and copper (Sulfate, foreign and Internal organic) and requirement levels (100, 50% requirement) on performance and immune response of broilers, an expriment was conducted using 480 commercial CAB 500 hybrid broilers in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design. During the experiment, live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood sampling was done and total antibody titer against sheep's red blood cell (SRBC), antibody titer against Newcastle Disease virus (ND) and differential count of white blood cells (WBC) were measured. The results showed that mineral sources did not affect the performance of broilers. The sources of minerals had a significant effect on livability percentage (P<0.05) and the highest livability was observed for organic (foreign and local) treatments. Usage of local organic manganese, zinc and copper caused a better response to sheep's red blood cell (SRBC) (P<0.05) relative to foreign form. Moreover, there was significant difference among the treatments in terms of weight (P<0.05), feed conversion (P<0.05) and production index (P<0.05) and treatment with 100% requirement level had maximum impact. The birds fed with 50 % requirement showed a better response to SRBC (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment, the organic forms of the three manganese, zinc and copper produced in Iran can simultaneously, meet the needs of broilers and can be replaced with inorganic and the foreign sources. In addition, the 100 % requirement level of manganese, zinc and copper, regardless of source, is recommended to achieve the maximum growth performance and 50 % requirement level is recommended for better immune function.
Seid Mohammad Reza Ijadi; hossein Moravej; Mahmood shivazad; Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi Ghasem Abadi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 589-599
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the regression equations based on chemical analyses for predicting apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn) with nine soybean oil samples available in Iran’s market. Soybean meal AMEn was measured by replacement method with broilers ...
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This study was conducted to determine the regression equations based on chemical analyses for predicting apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn) with nine soybean oil samples available in Iran’s market. Soybean meal AMEn was measured by replacement method with broilers in starter (seven to d 10), grower (21 to d 24) and finisher (31 to d 34) periods through acid insoluble ash marker. The results of current study demonstrated that there are significant difference between chemical analyses data and also biologically determined AMEn of soybean samples available in Iran’s market. The mean of soybean meal AMEn measured in the starter, grower and finisher periods was 1463, 1871 and 2025 kcal/Kg based on dry matter, respectively. Moreover, the difference between estimated value with NRC equation and biologically determined AMEn, in the starter, grower, finisher and whole periods was 34.2, 15.8, 8.9 and 19.7 percent, respectively. Finally, these equations based on coefficient of determination and standard error of prediction criteria are suggested for the starter: AMEn= 47.873×NFE, grower: AMEn= 60.203×NFE, finisher: AMEn= 65.612×NFE and the whole of periods: AMEn=57.923×NFE. As a result, it seems that the equations of current study with accurate AMEn estimation of soybean meals will cause optimum broiler performance.
Masomeh Nasiroleslami; Mehran Torki; Alireza Abdolmohammadi
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 95-108
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplemental guanidinoacetic acid and betaine on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and thyroid hormones of broilers subjected to cold stress. Based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement, 384 day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) ...
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This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplemental guanidinoacetic acid and betaine on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and thyroid hormones of broilers subjected to cold stress. Based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement, 384 day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly distributed between four experimental diets (with eight replicates) included basal diet (as control) and the basal diet supplemented with 1200 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid; 600 mg/kg betaine and 1200 mg/kg guanidinoacetic acid + 600 mg/kg betaine. This trial was performed at the Animal Farm of Razi University (March 2015). In order to create cold stress, on 21th day all birds were subjected to a low temperature (12-15°C), which was remained constant until the end of the experiment. There was no significant effect of experimental diets on the chick’s performance, carcass characteristics, thyroid hormones and liver glycogen levels. Increased breast meat was observed in birds fed the guanidinoacetic acid-included diet. Significant increased L* and a* of meat color were detected in birds fed diets supplemented with guanidinoacetic acid and betaine. Decreased crud fat percentage of breast meat was detected in birds fed the betaine-included diet. The meat pH decreased by time. Increased meat pH was observed in birds fed the betaine-included diet. In conclusion, improved yield and decreased crud fat percentage of breast meat were observed in birds fed the guanidinoacetic acid- and betaine-included diets, respectively. Color indices of broiler breast meat was improved by diet supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid and betaine.
Nasrin Rashidi; Ali Khatibjoo; Kamran Taherpour; Mohammad Akbari Gharaei; Hassan Shirzadi
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 145-157
Abstract
Using 350 Ross broiler chickens, the effect of licorice extract (LE), probiotic, antifungal and boiler litter biochar on performance of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet in a completely randomized design with 7 treatment (negative control (basal diet without aflatoxin and additives), ...
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Using 350 Ross broiler chickens, the effect of licorice extract (LE), probiotic, antifungal and boiler litter biochar on performance of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet in a completely randomized design with 7 treatment (negative control (basal diet without aflatoxin and additives), positive control (basal diet + 1 mg aflatoxin B1 and without additives) and 5 other treatments were positive control with LE (3 and 6 g/kg), Protexin probiotic (0.5 gr), Agrabond (0.5 gr/kg) and biochar toxin binder (10 g/kg)) and 5 replicates (10 birds in each replicate) considered. The treatments were. The result showed that aflatoxin B1 lowered body weight gain and breast relative weight and increased FCR and abdominal fat of broilers (P < 0.05). Broilers fed negative control, 3 g/kg LE and biochar containing diets during the growing period and birds fed negative control and 3 g/kg LE during the entire period had higher BW and lower FCR as compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Negative control diet decreased breast relative weight and tight meat crude protein percent, while all of the additives led to improving these traits since the highest relative weight of breast and tight meat crude protein percent were observed in probiotic and biochar groups respectively (P < 0.05). The highest serum total protein was seen in broilers fed negative control and 3 g/kg LE diets while the lowest serum uric acid was observed in broilers fed negative control, 6 g/kg LE, Agrabond and biochar diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, licorice extract and broiler litter biochar additives decreased adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 on broiler chickens performance.
mohammad houshmand; Mokhtar Khajavi; siamak parsaei
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 891-904
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of different levels of oak acorn(OA) with and without choline addition in broilers diet. A total of 528 one-day-old chicks were used in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design, with six treatments, four ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of different levels of oak acorn(OA) with and without choline addition in broilers diet. A total of 528 one-day-old chicks were used in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design, with six treatments, four replicates and 22 chicks per each. Two studied factors were choline (0 and 0.3 % diet) and OA(0, 15 and 20% diet). In starter (d 1-21) and finisher (d 22-42) diets, corn was replaced with 15 and 20 % OA, without any change in percentage of other dietary feed ingredients. The findings indicated that feeding birds with diets containing 20 % OA reduced body weight gain during starter, finisher and entire period (d 1-42) of the study when compared to the diet without OA (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of 15 and 20 % OA increased feed conversion ratio (except for 15 % OA in finisher phase) compared to the level of 0 %, throughout the study (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.3 % choline improved starter and overall feed conversion ratio(P<0.05).There was no significant interaction between OA level and choline for body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Replacing corn with OA resulted in a significant reduction in tibia bone ash weight/length index, at 42-day of age (P<0.05). In conclusion, substitution of corn with 15 and 20 % OA reduced the performance of broilers. Addition of choline did not prevent reduction in performance of OA-fed birds.
sayed abdoullah hosseini; mehdi amirsadeghi; amir hossein alizadeh-ghamsari; houshang lotfollahian; Mohammad Reza Solymani
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 917-928
Abstract
The effects of two sources of organic zinc on performance and immune responses of broiler chickens were evaluated by using seven-hundred and fifty day-old Arian broiler chickens which randomly allocated in 30 experimental units in a completely randomized design as ...
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The effects of two sources of organic zinc on performance and immune responses of broiler chickens were evaluated by using seven-hundred and fifty day-old Arian broiler chickens which randomly allocated in 30 experimental units in a completely randomized design as a 2×3 factorial with two sources of organic zinc (zinc- methionine and zinc- glycine) and three levels of dietary zinc (40, 80 and 120 mg/kg). During the experiment, live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment (age 42d) two birds from each replicate were bleed and total antibody titer against Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC), antibody titer against Newcastle Disease virus (ND) and differential count of white blood cells (WBC) were measured. Dietary inclusion of zinc-methionine improved LBW (day 42), FI (days 0-28) and FCR (days 0-14) in comparison with zinc- glycine (P<0.05), but did not influence on productive index and livability. Antibody titer against SRBC was higher when 80 mg/kg zincwas included in diet (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of zinc-methionine improved performance of broiler chickens in comparison with zinc- glycine (P<0.05). Enhancement of some immune responses was observed by addition of 80 mg/kg organic zinc supplement to the diets. According to the results, using zinc-methionine improved broiler performance, so it should be suggested as a zinc source.
maryam bagheri Varzaneh
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 613-625
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementationon the blood and immune parameters of broiler under acute stress. A total of one hundred twenty six broilers were allocated to 3 treatments and 3 replicates (14 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementationon the blood and immune parameters of broiler under acute stress. A total of one hundred twenty six broilers were allocated to 3 treatments and 3 replicates (14 birds per replicate) in a completely randomized design. Treatments were: 1) negative control: i.e. basal diet without stress and Cr-Met, 2) positive control: basal diet with stress and without Cr-Met, 3) basal diet with stress and supplemented with 1000 ppb Cr-Met. Stress was induced from day 18 by addition of 1.5 mg dexamethasone per kg of the diet for one week followed by a withdrawal period until day 46. Blood samples were collected on day 25 and 46 of age. Results showed that stress increased blood glucose and lipid concentrations of serum (P < 0.05). The addition of Cr-Met decreased cholesterol, TG, LDL and VLDL on day 25 of age (P < 0.05). However, broilers fed Cr-Met had higher TG, LDL, VLDL and less HDL compared to other treatments on day 46 (P < 0.05). Administration of dexamethasone significantly elevated concentrations of white blood cell (WBC), heterophil (H), and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05), while these parameters decreased by Cr-Met supplementation on day 25 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplemental Cr-Met improved broiler response to physiological stress during the acute stress period. However, broilers did not benefit from feeding Cr-Met supplementation after dexamethasone induced stress.
Maliheh Kamali; Mozhgan Mazhari; Omidali Esmaeilipour; Rouhollah Mirmahmoudi
Volume 19, Issue 3 , November 2017, , Pages 645-656
Abstract
To investigate the effect of different levels of Allium ampeloprasum powder (AP) and flavophospholipol (FP) on growth performance, blood metabolites and small intestine morphology of broilers, an experiment was conducted on 200, day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design ...
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To investigate the effect of different levels of Allium ampeloprasum powder (AP) and flavophospholipol (FP) on growth performance, blood metabolites and small intestine morphology of broilers, an experiment was conducted on 200, day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chicks per each. The treatments consisted of: corn-soybean meal as basal diet (BD), BD + 0.02% flavophospholipol, BD + 0.5% AP, BD + 075% AP and BD + 1% AP. The results showed that feed intake (FI) increased by FP treatment over all periods (P<0.01). Addition of FP, increased WG in starter phase (P<0.05). In grower and whole period the best WG and FCR was observed for FP, 1 and 0.75% AP (P<0.01) treatments. Blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were decreased by AP significantly (P<0.05). Heterophil to lymphocyte ratio decreased significantly by 1% AP compared to control group (P<0.05). Villi height and villi height to crypt depth ratio increased by FP and AP supplementation (P<0.05). Based on results, 0.75 and 1% AP had positive effect on growth performance, immunity and small intestine health of broilers and with regards to restriction on the use of antibiotic in broiler ration, AP can be used to improve growth performance and immunity of broilers.
ahmad ali sabetan shiraze; Ahmad Hassanabadi; mohamad javad agah; hasan nasiri moghadam
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 371-387
Abstract
The effects of different dietary levels of olive leaf powder (OLP) as a natural antioxidant on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters, small intestinal morphology and feed digestibility in broiler using a total of 300 one-day-old Cobb500 broilers were studied in a completely randomized ...
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The effects of different dietary levels of olive leaf powder (OLP) as a natural antioxidant on growth performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters, small intestinal morphology and feed digestibility in broiler using a total of 300 one-day-old Cobb500 broilers were studied in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 3 replicates and 20 chicks for each replicate, up to 42d. The experimental diets included: corn-soybean meal basal diet (negative control), basal diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg of alpha-Tocopheryl acetate (positive control) and three basal diets containing 2, 2.5 and 3 percent OLP. The results showed that during total experimental period (1-42d), weight gain was decreased (P<0.05) in OLP received groups in comparison with positive control. Feed intake during 1-42d period was decreased (P<0.05) in group which was treated by 3 percent OLP in comparison with positive control group. In starter period, feed conversion ratio was increased (P<0.05) in all groups treated by OLP in comparison with negative and positive controls. Dietary inclusion of different levels of OLP increased (P<0.05) length of villi, crypt depth and villus surface in comparison with the negative or positive controls. A significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in serum concentrations of the triglycerides, cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in OLP treated groups in comparison with negative or positive controls. Based on the results, dietary inclusion of OLP up to 2 percent in the broiler diets is recommendable, because it reduces blood lipids and also improves intestinal morphology.
vahed Ghasemloo; sayed abdoullah hosseini; hushang Lotfolahian
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 467-478
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of encapsulated oregano oil on microbial population, morphology, length and weight of different parts of digestive tract of Aryan broiler chicks. A total of 625 Arian broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized trail with 5 treatments and 5 ...
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The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of encapsulated oregano oil on microbial population, morphology, length and weight of different parts of digestive tract of Aryan broiler chicks. A total of 625 Arian broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized trail with 5 treatments and 5 replicates at the age of 1 to 42 days. Treatments were including: 1- basal diet (negative control), 2- basal diet+probiotic (0.1 g Protexin/kg), 3- basal diet+antibiotic (0.15g Avilamycin/kg), 4- basal diet+oregano oil (0.2 g/kg) and 5- basal diet+encapsulated oregano oil (1 g/kg). The results showed that broiler performance at the end of 42 days were not affected by treatments (p<0.05). The highest lactobacillillus colony numbers were observed in encapsulated oregano oil. The length of duodenum in probiotics group were lower than others groups (p<0.05). The length and weight of other parts of digestive tract except ileum weight were not affected by dietary treatments (p>0.05). Finally, according to result of intestinal microbial count, it seems that encapsulated oregano essential oil can improve the intestine microbial population and bird's health.
Hossein Irandoust; Ali Parsa
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 129-143
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of soy oil sources and investigate the effect of their use in broilers diets on growth performance. In the first experiment, fatty acids composition of the experimental oils was determined and then the apparent metabolizable ...
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Two experiments were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of soy oil sources and investigate the effect of their use in broilers diets on growth performance. In the first experiment, fatty acids composition of the experimental oils was determined and then the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of oils was estimated through two methods, including multiplying the digestibility of the oil by its gross energy value as well as subtracting AME value of the basal diet from diets containing the oils using Leghorn mature roosters. In the second experiment, the effects of four dietary treatments containing 5% of each oil source was studied on the performance of Ross 308 broilers, replicated 5 times, using a completely randomized design. Linoleic acid content turned out to be 51.46% in soybean oil (SO), 11.35% in hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO), 32.53% in recycled soybean oil (RSO) and 40.03% in acidulated soybean oil soap-stock (ASO). The AME of the oils obtained by multiplying method for SO, HSO, RSO and ASO appeared to be 8920, 8733, 8602 and 7836 kcal/kg, respectively. When calculated by subtracting method, the AME of the oils turned out to be 9016, 8794, 8765 and 7906 kcal/kg, respectively, which indicates higher values obtained from the latter method than former one. Moreover, HSO improved feed intake compared with SO (P<0.05). Also, ASO reduced daily weight gain and increased FCR in grower period compared with SO. It is concluded that recycled soybean oil appeared to have no adverse effect on broiler performance.