mansour Dehghani; Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Mohammad Ali Norouzian
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea treatment of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse on chemical composition, lag time and ruminal degradability parameters of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by nylon bag technique. The chemical composition and degradability ...
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea treatment of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse on chemical composition, lag time and ruminal degradability parameters of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by nylon bag technique. The chemical composition and degradability parameters of unprocessed samples and processed samples with five percent urea were determined using three mature rumen-fistulated Holstein dairy cows (with initial body weight of 615±15 kg and three lactation number). Urea treatment decreased DM and NDF degradation lag time of processed wheat straw (P<0.05); however it had no effect on DM and NDF degradation lag time of sugarcane bagasse. The urea treatment resulted to increase in DM and NDF degradability rate of processed wheat straw (P<0.05), but had no effect on DM and NDF degradability rate of sugarcane bagasse. The potentially degradable fraction of DM and NDF of both experimental materials were increased by treatment (P<0.05). The effective degradability of DM and NDF of experimental roughages increased (P<0.05) after urea treatment from 35.69 and 21.69 to 44.04 and 29.12 percent, respectively for wheat straw and from 18.88 and 15.65 to 23.92 and 19.52 percent, respectively for sugarcane bagasse. According to the results of this experiment, urea treatment of roughages-feeds, especially wheat straw improves degradability of DM and NDF.
Alireza Talebian Masoudi; Mohammad Mahdi Moeini; Manoochehr souri; Hormoz Mansouri; Masume Abdoli
Abstract
The possibility of manufacturing and effects of a slow release non-protein nitrogen product on ruminant nutrition were evaluated in two separate experiments. In first experiment, making of slow release component was followed by connecting branched carbon chain to the molecule of urea to reduce the degree ...
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The possibility of manufacturing and effects of a slow release non-protein nitrogen product on ruminant nutrition were evaluated in two separate experiments. In first experiment, making of slow release component was followed by connecting branched carbon chain to the molecule of urea to reduce the degree of solubility. Then, the sample product was analyzed to assess its chemical structure, and also physical and chemical properties. In second experiment, in an in-vivo study, rumen fermentation characteristics, digestibility of feed, microbial protein production and nitrogen balance of produced compound were evaluated and compared with conventional use of urea and also a diet without non-protein nitrogen source. For this, four rumen fistulated adult sheep were used in change over Latin square experimental design. Infrared and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and physical and chemical properties were considered as indicators of the formation of the desired compound. Our data showed that using the slow release product in the diet reduced the nitrogen concentration and altered the amount and ratio of volatile fatty acids as well as pH values in the rumen. Feed intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, NDF and ADF as well as microbial protein production were not affected by the use of slow released product but there were significant differences between diets in relation to the nitrogen digestibility and nitrogen balance (P<0.01). It could be concluded that the slow release product of non-protein nitrogen has the potential to provide urea efficiently and its use in ruminant diets provides safer conditions as compared to the traditional use of urea nitrogen.
Moustafa Hajilou; Hamid Reza Mirzaei Alamouti; Mehdi Ganjkhanlou; Hamid Amanlou
Abstract
Four ruminally-cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square changeover design within periods of 21 days to evaluate effects of feeding frequency of different sources of rumen degradable nitrogen on total tract digestibility of nutrients, feeding behaviors, rumen and blood metabolites ...
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Four ruminally-cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square changeover design within periods of 21 days to evaluate effects of feeding frequency of different sources of rumen degradable nitrogen on total tract digestibility of nutrients, feeding behaviors, rumen and blood metabolites of Holstein cows. Treatments were: 1) control diet which was as total mixed ration (TMR) offered once daily in the morning (08:00), 2) control diet in which a part of its soybean was offered at 19:00, 3) control diet in which a part of its urea was offered at 19:00 and 4) control diet in which a part of its fish meal was offered at 19:00. Rumination time increased in cows fed twice daily with protein sources (P<0.05). Total tract digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were higher in cows received urea at the evening time. Total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber increased with feeding all sources of protein at the evening time (P<0.05). Molar proportion of volatile fatty acids, rumen pH and rumen ammonia concentration were not affected by feeding time of protein sources. The results indicated that increasing delivery of rumen degradable nitrogen sources improved dry matter and fiber digestibility and chewing activity of non-lactating Holstein dairy cows.
Hassan Fazaeli; Esmaiel Ismaily Rad; Mohammad Babaie
Volume 13, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 11-18
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to improve the nutritive value of barley stubble for two consecutive years. After harvesting crop, at first year, a completely randomized design, with a 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted in which 27 plots were divided into nine treatments. The treatments including ...
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This experiment was conducted to improve the nutritive value of barley stubble for two consecutive years. After harvesting crop, at first year, a completely randomized design, with a 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted in which 27 plots were divided into nine treatments. The treatments including zero, 2.5 and five percent urea each with zero, three and six percent molasses were mixed with water and sprayed on the stubble (three plots per treatment). During five periods, all plots were sampled before and after spraying with 10 days intervals for the chemical analyses. The crude protein (CP) was increased but crude fiber (CF) decreased in urea-molasses treatments (P< 0.05). The Ash content was increased (P< 0.05) only in the treatments contained 6 percent molasses. At the second year, after harvesting the barley crop, four hectares of stubble was divided in four parts and sprayed with four treatments of urea-molasses liquor including: 1) 2.5 percent urea, 2) 2.5 percent urea +3 percent molasses, 3) 5 percent urea, 4) 5 percent urea +3 percent molasses. Forty eight Shal ewes were divided among the treatments and grazed for 50 days. All ewes showed body weight gain, during the experiment but the body weight changes were not different between the treatments. As a result of twining, the lambing rate was increased about 25 percent for the animals received five percent urea +3 percent molasses comparing to the other treatments.