Mohammad Hossein Moazeni Zadeh; Armin Towhidi; Mehdi Zhandi; kamran rezayazdi; Hoda Javaheri Barfourooshi
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing glycinate form of zinc, copper, iron and manganese on growth performance and some blood biochemical parameters of suckling calves. A total of 20 one-day-old Holstein calves were randomly divided into two equal groups. Until weaning ...
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing glycinate form of zinc, copper, iron and manganese on growth performance and some blood biochemical parameters of suckling calves. A total of 20 one-day-old Holstein calves were randomly divided into two equal groups. Until weaning on day 63, the control group received milk and basal starter diet containing whey protein as a carrier while the treatment group received milk containing 6, 1.5, 15, and 6 ppm of zinc, copper, iron and manganese respectively, together with basal starter diet containing 40, 10, 100, and 40 ppm of zinc, copper, iron and manganese respectively. To assess the growth performance, feed intake was measured daily, and calves were weighed weekly. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42 and 63. Supplementation with glycinate trace elements significantly increased serum albumin, glucose, and high-density lipoprotein and decreased low-density lipoprotein concentrations in suckling calves compared to the control group. Carpus lengths was increased in calves treated with organic trace elements compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, serum concentration of zinc tended to be higher in calves received glycinate trace mineral supplement (P=0.05). However, supplementation of organic trace minerals had no significant effect on growth performance and concentration of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. The results of this study showed that supplementing the diet of calves with glycinate trace minerals improved inflammation-related parameters such as albumin, low- and high-density lipoproteins, and energy metabolism-related parameters such as serum glucose. However, supplementation of glycinate trace minerals did not have a significant effect on the growth performance of suckling calves.
Amir Hossein Rezakhani; Kamran Rezayazdi; Yunes Ali Alijoo
Abstract
Introduction The beginning of lactation is one of the important performance signs related to health, fertility and production in lactating cows. Meeting the energy needs is considered as the main challenge of lactating cows at this period. Increasing the mobilization of body fat is one of the ways to ...
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Introduction The beginning of lactation is one of the important performance signs related to health, fertility and production in lactating cows. Meeting the energy needs is considered as the main challenge of lactating cows at this period. Increasing the mobilization of body fat is one of the ways to meet the lack of energy, which can lead to an increase in the supply of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Therefore, management strategies based on nutrition can play an important role in increasing energy intake and minimizing negative energy balance (NEB). The use of fat supplements can be considered as an effective solution to increase the amount of energy in the diets of fresh cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding different fat supplements containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on production performance, blood and rumen parameters in fresh Holstein cows.Materials and Methods In this study, 32 Holstein cows with average live body weight 649.2 ± 29.11 kg and body condition score of 3.78 ± 0.30 were used after calving for 21 days in a completely randomized design in four experimental groups. Experimental treatments included: 1) control: no fat supplement, 2) unsaturated: containing calcium salt of unsaturated fatty acids, three percent based on DM, 3) saturated: containing calcium salt of saturated fatty acids, three percentage based on DM and 4) mixed: contained an equal mixture of both types of fat supplements. Dry matter intake (DMI) was measured daily. Cows were milked three times a day at 05:00, 13:00 and 21:00 in a parlor and milk yield was recorded. Milk was sampled at each milking on days 7, 14 and 21 until analyzed for fat. Body weight was measured on days 7, 14 and 21 after parturition. Blood samples were collected from subcaudal vein with vacuum tubes containing anticoagulant heparin on days 0, 7 and 21 after parturition. After separating the serum using a centrifuge, for the measurement of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), samples were sent to the laboratory. Ruminal fluid is collected on the d 21 after parturition, two to three hours after morning feeding by the esophageal tube and using a suction pump, and after passing through the filter and measuring the pH by a portable pH meter, was sent to the laboratory to measure volatile fatty acids (VFA).Results and Discussion The results of the study showed that the calcium salt of unsaturated fatty acids caused a decrease, and the calcium salt of saturated and mixed fatty acids caused an increase in DMI compared to the control treatment. Milk production, milk fat percentage, 4% fat corrected milk production, energy corrected milk production, feed efficiency, blood concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and BHBA values, as well as rumen fermentation parameters were not affected by the treatments. The concentration of NEFA in the plasma, in the control treatment and the treatment containing calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids, were measured above the safety margin provided for sub clinical ketosis.Conclusion According to the lactation performance of cows, the absence of problems regarding the amounts of NEFA and BHBA as indicators of metabolic disorders and the ineffectiveness of supplements on rumen fermentation parameters, it seems that it is possible to use an equal mixture (50:50) of fat supplements of calcium salts containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the diet of fresh dairy cows in the amount of three percent.
Sasan ghamari; Farhang Fatehi; Kamran Rezayazdi
Abstract
Introduction: The production of dairy goat breeds such as Saanen has become widespread in many countries and factors like the nutritional value of goat milk, high amounts of milk yield compared to body weight, and less methane gas production have played important role for the mentioned development. Previous ...
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Introduction: The production of dairy goat breeds such as Saanen has become widespread in many countries and factors like the nutritional value of goat milk, high amounts of milk yield compared to body weight, and less methane gas production have played important role for the mentioned development. Previous studies have shown that reaching the insemination weight (35 kg) of replacement female goats is one of the most important points in the breeding of the dairy goat breeds. Subsequently, other studies have shown that improving growth and weight gain during suckling period reduces the time to reach the required weight and body size for insemination, the growth of mammary glands and increases milk production, and it is economically important. Protein is one of the factors which play important role in growth and body frame development of goats especially at life's early stages. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of crude protein in milk replacer on performance of Saanen suckling kids.
Material and Methods: Sixteen Saanen female kids with 10 days of age and 4.678± 0.57 kg of BW were randomly assigned to two experimental treatments, including milk replacer with 22% crude protein (22CP; milk replacer contain 22% crude protein) and milk replacer with 28% crude protein (28CP; milk replacer contain 22% crude protein plus 10 gram of whey protein concentrate per liter of milk replacer). The experimental kids were weaned at 64 days of age and during this time milk replacer, starter, and alfalfa hay intake of kids was recorded daily, and the weight of the goats was measured weekly.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that average daily weight gain of kids fed with 28CP treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to the 22CP treatment during the first month, the second month and whole experimental period. Also, the kids body weight at the end of second month for 28CP treatment was significantly higher (P = 0.05) compared to the 22CP treatment (16.14 vs. 14.21 kg). The amount of total dry matter intake (DMI) during the entire experimental period was higher (P < 0.05) for the 28CP treatment compared to the 22CP treatment (509.65 vs. 459.68 grams per day). There were no significant differences among the experimental treatments for the feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the first month, the second month and the entire experimental period. In fact, although the 28 CP treatment had a higher daily weight gain compared to the CP22 treatment, due to higher DMI, but it had a similar FCR compared to the CP22 treatment.
Conclusion: Results showed that feeding milk replacer containing high levels of crude protein (28%) can results to the higher average daily gain and subsequently heavier weaning weight in Saanen goat kids.
seyed mohammad reza beheshti; kamran rezayazdi; arya badiei; Mostafa Sadeghi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of live yeast on ruminal function and health of dairy cows fed diets containing low and high concentrations of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). In this experiment, six cannulated dairy cows were randomly assigned in a Latin square ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of live yeast on ruminal function and health of dairy cows fed diets containing low and high concentrations of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). In this experiment, six cannulated dairy cows were randomly assigned in a Latin square design with six periods (14-days) and six treatments including 1- diet contain low NFC free of live yeast, 2-diet contain low NFC with 5 g/d of live yeast, 3-diet contain low NFC with 10 g/d of live yeast, 4-diet contain high NFC free of live yeast, 5-diet contain high NFC with 5 g/d of live yeast and 6-diet contain high NFC with 10 g/d of live yeast. Dry matter intake, rumination, ruminal parameters and blood metabolites were determined in the different periods. Dry matter intake, rumination activity, nutrient digestibility, mean ruminal pH and temperature were not affected by treatments. General and plasma indicators of animal healthwere also not affected by treatments. Overall, the results of this experiment indicated that dietary supplementation with live yeasthad no significant effect on rumen function and health in cows fed diets containing different concentrations of NFC.
Amir Hossein Rezakhani; Younes Ali Alijoo; Kamran Rezayazdi
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the effects of two types of fatty acids-calcified salts on the performance of dairy cows in the transition period. In total, 32 multiparous Holstein cows with body weight mean of 723=39.9 kg in a 6-week time range (three weeks before until three weeks after ...
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This study was carried out to assess the effects of two types of fatty acids-calcified salts on the performance of dairy cows in the transition period. In total, 32 multiparous Holstein cows with body weight mean of 723=39.9 kg in a 6-week time range (three weeks before until three weeks after parturition) were assigned to treatments in a completely randomized design. There were four diets including control (without fat supplement), diet supplemented with unsaturated fat, diet supplemented with saturated fat and diet supplemented with both unsaturated and saturated fats. Fat supplements as calcium salts were applied at the level of 1.5% and 3% in the pre-partum and post-partum diets,respectively. Based on the results, it turned out that pre-partum DM feed intake, post-partum body weight and body condition score were not affected by the diets, whereas, post-partum DM feed intake appeared to be different (p < 0.05). In addition, the digestibility coefficient appeared to be different among pre- and post-partum trial diets (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed for blood parameters as well as milk yield and its composition. In conclusion, the results revealed that fat sources as calcium salt supplements can improve the digestibility of nutrients in the digestive system, without any adverse-effects on performance in dairy cows.
Hossein Gholami; sayed abdoullah hosseini; kamran rezayazdi
Abstract
This experiment carried out to determine the nutritional value of 18 sorghum forage varieties and to introduce superior cultivars using multicriteria decision-making technology. They sow in early June and harvested in mid-November. Random samples were taken from the center of each experimental ...
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This experiment carried out to determine the nutritional value of 18 sorghum forage varieties and to introduce superior cultivars using multicriteria decision-making technology. They sow in early June and harvested in mid-November. Random samples were taken from the center of each experimental plot in a way that ten plants were cut from 10 cm above soil. These samples were cut into 3 to 5 cm pieces, eachcultivar had three samples, in total 54 samples were collected. Yield and nutrient contents such as, crude protein, crude ash, ADF, NDF, water-soluble carbohydrates, starch and lignin measured in the experimental cultivars. The metabolizable energy of sorghum cultivars estimated by gas test method using the amount of gas produced in 24 hours and the amount of crude protein contained in it. Sorghumcultivars ranked based on 11 integrated traits. Among the domestic cultivars, Spidfeed ranked fifth among all varieties, followed by KFS-18 ranked seven and pegah ranked 10th and KFS-2 ranked 12th with moderate quantitative and qualitative performance. Overall, based on the results of the multi-criteria decision-making method, it was found that the top three sorghum cultivars are Siloking, FGCSI12 and PHFS-27, respectively, which are recommended for sorghum forage production and silage for dairy farmers.
Hossein Gholami
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the metabolizable and net energy for lactation of Iranian sainfoin using chemical composition and gas production data obtained by experiments being carried out in different animal nutrition laboratories mainly Animal Science Research Institute (ASRI) (from 1987 to ...
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This study was conducted to determine the metabolizable and net energy for lactation of Iranian sainfoin using chemical composition and gas production data obtained by experiments being carried out in different animal nutrition laboratories mainly Animal Science Research Institute (ASRI) (from 1987 to 2011) in IRAN. Linear fitted equations as well as logarithmic, inverse, quadratic, cubic, power, S and exponential fitted equations for components such as crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and NFE were estimated. The obtained equations for crude protein were very significant (P<0.001) with high coefficient of the determination (R2 = 0.731). In the above mentioned equations for estimating metabolizable energy of sainfoin hay, crude protein can be chosen as an independent variable. By selecting crude protein as an independent variable and related equations, Metabolizable energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEL), Net energy for maintenance (NEm) and net energy for growth (NEg) of Iranian sainfoin were 2.43, 1.29, 1.55 and 0.94 Mcal/Kg DM, respectively. The result showed, with a simple chemical experiment of crude protein in the animal nutrition laboratory can be estimated available energy of Iranian sainfoin and used it in ruminant diets.
Mehdi Dehghani Sanij; Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Kamran Reza Yazdi; Mohammad Ali Norouzian
Abstract
The effect of replacing alfalfa by artichoke hay on nutrient digestibility, gas production parameters, performance and carcass characteristics of Lori-Bakhtiari lambs was studied. The lambs in control group received diet containing 30 percent alfalfa, 15 percent barley straw and 55 percent concentrate ...
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The effect of replacing alfalfa by artichoke hay on nutrient digestibility, gas production parameters, performance and carcass characteristics of Lori-Bakhtiari lambs was studied. The lambs in control group received diet containing 30 percent alfalfa, 15 percent barley straw and 55 percent concentrate and in test group alfalfa hay was replaced with artichoke hay, completely. Dry matter intake was higher for test group lambs (P<0.05), but average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not differed between experimental groups. Gas production rate was not differed between groups, but b fraction was higher for test group (P<0.05). Replacing alfalfa by artichoke caused to increasing digestibility of dry matter and organic matter (P<0.05). However, control diet had higher digestibility of crude protein and NDF (P<0.05). After slaughter, there were no significant differences between groups in carcass characteristics and percentage of internal organs. Results of this study showed that artichoke hay could be replaced with alfalfa hay in finishing lambs diet.