Maryam Arianfar; Mohammad Rokouei; Gholamreza Dashab; Hadi Faraji- Arough
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 351-363
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare some nonlinear functions (Wood, Dhanoa, Wilmink, Ali-Schaeffer, Cappio Borlino, Cobby – Le Du, Dijkstra, Rook, Gous and Nelder) to describe the milk production curve of Iranian Holstein cattle. A dataset consisted of 6079976, 4879486 and 3312416 test-day ...
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The objective of this study was to compare some nonlinear functions (Wood, Dhanoa, Wilmink, Ali-Schaeffer, Cappio Borlino, Cobby – Le Du, Dijkstra, Rook, Gous and Nelder) to describe the milk production curve of Iranian Holstein cattle. A dataset consisted of 6079976, 4879486 and 3312416 test-day milk yield records related to first, second and third three lactation periods, respectively, from 3550 herds collecting by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 1983 to 2017, were used. The average of test day milk records for three lactation was 31.17, 34.08 and 33.83 kg, respectively. The nlme package of R software (version 3.4.3) was used for fitting nonlinear functions. The nonlinear functions were compared using four goodness of fit criteria, including Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), Root mean square error (RMSE) and Durbin-Watson index (DW). The Rook function showed the best fit for the milk production curve shape for three lactations in Iranian Holstein cattle when compared to other functions. The Gous and Rook functions showed the highest accuracy in predicting peak time, peak yield and persistency of milk production parameters in different lactations, but in general, the Rook function has a high predictive value in estimating the milk curve parameter descriptors.Therefore, Rook function is recommended for describing the milk production curve of Iranian Holstein cattle.
elahe sanjari; mahdiyeh zieaadini; Masood asadi fozi; Ali Esmailizadeh koshkoiyeh
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 365-373
Abstract
This wok was conducted to identify polymorphisms in the region of the exon 1 in 5'UTR of myostatin gene and their relationships with the growth traitsin Raeini cashmere goats. Myostatin gene has been identified as a factor causing a phenotype known as double-muscling in which a series of mutations render ...
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This wok was conducted to identify polymorphisms in the region of the exon 1 in 5'UTR of myostatin gene and their relationships with the growth traitsin Raeini cashmere goats. Myostatin gene has been identified as a factor causing a phenotype known as double-muscling in which a series of mutations render the gen inactivity; therefore, able to increase muscle growth. Blood samples were randomly taken from 150 Raeini cashmere goats. Total genomic DNA was extracted and a 701 bp fragment was amplified from the exon 1 of myostatin gene using PCR-RFLP method. The analysis of band patterns indicated three genotypes including AA, AB and BB with frequencies of 0.56, 0.33 and 0.11, respectively. The A and Balleles had a frequency of 0.72 and 0.28, respectively. The analysis of additive and dominance gene actions revealed that the effect of the myostatin gene on growth traits and body size of Raeini cashmere goats is via the dominance mechanism. The results showed that all growth traits except weaning weight were significantly associated with the identified polymorphisms, thus this gene can be used as a molecular marker in Raeini cashmere goats breeding.
Yousef Naderi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 375-387
Abstract
The objective of this study was evaluating single-trait and multiple-trait animal models with considering imputation in simulated genomic data to estimate the accuracies of genomic prediction across various genomic scenarios and to detect genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. Genomic ...
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The objective of this study was evaluating single-trait and multiple-trait animal models with considering imputation in simulated genomic data to estimate the accuracies of genomic prediction across various genomic scenarios and to detect genotype × environment (G × E) interaction. Genomic data were simulated to reflect variations in number of QTL (90 and 900) and linkage disequilibrium (LD = low and high) using 50K SNP panel. Afterwards, 90 percent of the markers randomly removed and imputation was performed using FImpute software (version 2.2). The average accuracy of imputation for scenarios with high and low LD was 0.976 and 0.943, respectively. In all scenarios, negligible difference on the genomic accuracies was evident, when original genotypes and imputed genotypes were compared. The genomic accuracy reduced with decreasing the LD, heritability and the genetic correlation among the traits. Comparing to single-trait animal model, using multiple-trait animal model increased genomic accuracy. The level of LD and genetic correlation across environments play important roles providing genotype × environment interaction exists. On the one hand, considering genotype × environment interaction and its effect on increasing of genomic accuracy and imputation of low to high density marker panels (especially high LD scenarios) to reduce of the cost of genomic evaluation on the other hand could be a suitable and practical approach to improve genomic selection.
Navid Golestani; Asghar Mogheiseh; Mojtaba Kafi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 389-399
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and quantify risk factors associated with repeat breeder (RB) syndrome in Isfahan Holstein dairy cows. Calving and insemination data of parities 1 to 7 on 91727 Holstein dairy cows from 62 herds collected during 1993 to 2013 were used. Cows failed ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and quantify risk factors associated with repeat breeder (RB) syndrome in Isfahan Holstein dairy cows. Calving and insemination data of parities 1 to 7 on 91727 Holstein dairy cows from 62 herds collected during 1993 to 2013 were used. Cows failed to conceive after three or more regularly spaced services in the absence of detectable abnormalities regarded as RB. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to quantify risk factor associated with repeat breeding. Least squares mean number of services per conception were 2.15 ± 0.15 and 2.54 ± 0.15 for normal and RB cows, and uncorrected values were 2.73 and 3.28 for normal and RB cows, respectively. Herd, milk yield, season of calving and season of first insemination, dystocia, stillbirth, abortion and days from calving to first service were the major factors affecting RB syndrome. Average incidence of repeat breeding was 43.7% (27.8-55.2%). Dystocia and stillbirth increased the odds of being RB by 39% and 11%, respectively (P< 0.01). Risk of being RB in high producing cows increased by 79% compared to cows with low milk yield (P< 0.01). Odds of being RB increased by 28% in cows that was RB in previous parity. Fat yield and length of dry period had no significant effect on being RB. Considering at least 75 days distance between calving and first service, insemination in cool seasons, decreasing dystocia and improving reproduction management of high producing cows, could reduce RB syndrome.
ali ashrafian; nasser emam jomeh kashan; Rostam AbdolahiArpanahi; Mohammad Bagher Sayyadnejad
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 401-409
Abstract
In order to determine the optimum number of test-day records for the progeny test program of Holstein bulls, 732,140 milk yield test-day were used. These milk yield test-days, which were related to 73,214 first parity dairy cows belonging to 62 herds, had been collected by the Animal Breeding Center ...
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In order to determine the optimum number of test-day records for the progeny test program of Holstein bulls, 732,140 milk yield test-day were used. These milk yield test-days, which were related to 73,214 first parity dairy cows belonging to 62 herds, had been collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 1992 to 2016. The correlation of predicted breeding value (EBV) of bulls from ten test-day of their daughters compared with EBV predicted from different number of recorded test-days. The Correlation of predicted EBV from ten test-days with EBV from even, odd, (second, fifth, seventh), (second, fifth, tenth) and (second, sixth) test-day records were estimated to be 0.99, 0.98, 0.98, 0.97 and 0.94 respectively. The results showed that to reduce cost of recording, number of records and generation interval in EBV prediction of bulls with random regression model it is possible to use only second, fifth and seventh test-days instead of ten test-days.
Sakineh Dehghan; Amir Mousaie; OmidAli Esmaeilipour; Arsalan Barazandeh
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 411-424
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of feeding zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplementation on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters and some blood metabolites, an experiment was conducted on fifteen Kermani male lambs with average initial body weight of 32.1 ± ...
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In order to investigate the effect of feeding zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) supplementation on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters and some blood metabolites, an experiment was conducted on fifteen Kermani male lambs with average initial body weight of 32.1 ± 0.88 kg as a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replicates for 8 weeks. The experimental treatments were basal diet without supplemental Zn (Control), basal diet plus 50 mg Zn/kg diet of Zn-Met, and basal diet supplemented with 100 mg Zn/kg diet of Zn-Met. The results showed that lambs fed with 100 mg/kg diet of Zn supplementation had lower feed intake than the other treatments (P<0.01). Lambs received 50 mg Zn /kg of diet had higher average daily gain than those on control diet (P<0.05). Lambs fed with Zn supplementation (50 or 100 mg/kg) had better feed conversion ratio than the control group (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was higher in lambs fed 50 mg/kg of Zn supplementation than those of the control (P<0.05). However, no difference in fat and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility was observed between treatments. Additionally, feeding Zn-Met supplementation diet had no significant effect on pH and ammonia nitrogen of ruminal fluidas well as serum glucose, total protein, triglyceride and urea concentrations of lambs. According to these results, feeding 50 mg/kg diet of Zn supplemented increases feed nutrients digestibility and compared with 100 mg of the supplement, has better effects on growth performance of fattening lambs.
Ali Kahyani; G. R. Ghorbani; M. Alikhani; E. Ghasemi; A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi; Sayyed Mahmoud Nasrollahi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 425-435
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and other related parameters of fiber digestibility of alfalfa hay, corn silage, wheat straw, beet pulp, and wheat bran of a dairy farm. Using two cannulated non-lactating Holstein cows and in situ method, undigested neutral ...
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The study was conducted to evaluate indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and other related parameters of fiber digestibility of alfalfa hay, corn silage, wheat straw, beet pulp, and wheat bran of a dairy farm. Using two cannulated non-lactating Holstein cows and in situ method, undigested neutral detergent fiber (uNDF) after 288 h was measured as indicator of iNDF. Then with evaluating the kinetic of fiber digestibility in several time points, the rate and extent of NDF digestibility (NDFD) were measured according to newly-developed equations. The measured NDFD was used for estimation of total tract NDF digestibility (TTNDFD). Alfalfa hay had a greater amount of lignin as well as greater rate of NDF digestion than corn silage and wheat straw. Alfalfa hay and wheat straw, compared with corn silage, had a greater amount of uNDF and lower NDFD and TTNDFD. In spite of having relatively similar amount of NDF, the beet pulp and wheat bran had lower amounts of lignin and uNDF, while greater rate and extent of NDF digestibility as well as TTNDFD than forages. Overall, the considered fibrous feedstuffs showed a considerable variation in uNDF, NDFD, and TTNDFD that must be considered at the time of use.
Sajedeh Shamsollahei; Leila Hassanvand; bahman parizadian
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 437-450
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of peppermint essential oils (PEO) on productive performance and immune response in laying hens imposed to dexamethasone-induced stress. The experiment was performed in a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of peppermint essential oils (PEO) on productive performance and immune response in laying hens imposed to dexamethasone-induced stress. The experiment was performed in a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with 90 Hy- Line (W36) laying hens in 6 treatments and 5 replicates of 3 birds in each. Peppermint essential oil was included into a basal (control) diet at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Dexamethasone was injected subcutaneously in two levels of 0 and 4 mg per bird/ week. Dexamethasone injection decreased egg production, egg mass and body weight gain while increased feed conversion ratio, eosinophil count and serum total protein concentration compared with control birds (P < 0.05). Egg yolk weight was greater in birds fed with diets containing 200 mg/ kg PEO compared with control birds (P < 0.05). Dexamethasone, peppermint essential oil as well their interaction exhibited no significant effect on antibody titer against Newcastle, Influenza and Gambro viruses (P > 0.05). In conclusion, dexamethasone-induced stress exhibited an adverse impact on feed conversion ratio and egg production in laying hens and inclusion of PEO at 200 mg/ kg modulated, in part, certain negative effects including egg weight of hens.
Hassan Shirzadi; Hossein Nasermanesh; Ali Khatibjoo; Kamran Taherpour; Mohammadi Akbari Gharaei
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 451-462
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of Artemisia Annua L. essential oil (AAEO) and probiotic (lactobacillus acidophilus) as an alternative to antibiotic in feeding laying Japanese quails. A total of 180 46-d-old laying Japanese quails were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments ...
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The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of Artemisia Annua L. essential oil (AAEO) and probiotic (lactobacillus acidophilus) as an alternative to antibiotic in feeding laying Japanese quails. A total of 180 46-d-old laying Japanese quails were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates of 9 birds, and the experiment lasted up to 109 days of age. The experimental diets were: 1–basal diet as control group (without additive), 2–basal diet plus oxytetracycline (200 ppm), 3–basal diet plus AAEO (250 ppm) and 4– basal diet plus probiotic (4 CFU per kg diet). Results showed that the use of probiotic caused an increase in the egg mass, when compared with control and AAEOtreatments at entire period (P<0.05). The groups fed probiotic and AAEO showed a significant decrease in the serum glucose, cholesterol and LDL levels when compared with those fed antibiotic (P<0.05). Moreover, the group fed AAEO had low lymphocyte and high heterophil counts when compared with those fed diet supplemented with probiotic and antibiotic (P<0.05). In addition, the number of white blood cells and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in AAEO group were higher than other groups (P<0.05). It can be concluded that lactobacillus acidophilus could be used as a growth promoter in feeding laying Japanese quails.
Vajiheh Nikoofard; Akbar Yaghobfar; Shahab Ghazi Harsini; Ali Asghar Saki
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 463-476
Abstract
The effect of diet with different protein quality andsupplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance, immune response, enzyme activity in the intestinal tissue and litter characteristics, using 576 Ross 308 (mixed sex) broiler chickens,in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment with two experimental ...
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The effect of diet with different protein quality andsupplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance, immune response, enzyme activity in the intestinal tissue and litter characteristics, using 576 Ross 308 (mixed sex) broiler chickens,in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment with two experimental diets (high and low protein quality) and four levels of crystalline amino acids (recommended levels, without supplemented crystalline amino acids, 10 and 15% higher than the recommended levels)in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, six replicates and 12 chicks per replicate was investigated.The results of this study showed that, adding crystalline amino acids at levels of 10 and 15% higher than the recommended level to diets containing canola meal and wheat (as low quality protein source) caused an increase in performance (P<0.0001), the number of heterophile and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio (P<0.001) and decreased the number of lymphocyte (P<0.01). The treatments with crystalline amino acids hadn’t significant effect on the enzyme activity aminopeptidase and specific activity of the enzyme in jejunum. Also, adding crystalline amino acids at levels of 10 and 15% higher than the recommended level ina low-quality diet were not significantly affected dry matter, nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the litter. According to these results, the use ofcrystalline amino acids higher than the recommended levels in the diets with high quality (as maize-soybean meal) has no effect on the performance of broiler chickens and is not recommended.
Sahar Mohammadzadeh; Tohid Vahdatpour; Yahya Ebrahimnezhad
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 477-486
Abstract
Effects of vitamins K1 and K3 addition to a low calcium diet on the structure of tibia bone and performance of Japanese quail were evaluated by using 192 birds in a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 birds per each. The treatments included: diet containing the recommended ...
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Effects of vitamins K1 and K3 addition to a low calcium diet on the structure of tibia bone and performance of Japanese quail were evaluated by using 192 birds in a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and 12 birds per each. The treatments included: diet containing the recommended level of calcium (control), low calcium diet (70% of recommended level), low calcium + vitamin K1, and low calcium diet + vitamin K3. The quails consumed a greater amount of calcium deficiency diet (P<0.05). Feed intake decreased by supplementing diets by vitamin K1. The live weight of birds fed low calcium diet was lower than control birds (P<0.05). The live body weight and FCR improved by supplementing low calcium diet with K1 or K3 (P<0.05). Maximum diameter of diaphysis increased in birds fed on diet containing K3, but the minimum diameter of diaphysis increased by feeding diets containing K1 or K3 (P<0.05). The bone middle canal increased in birds fed low calcium diet (P<0.05). There had no difference in bone middle canal between birds fed on diet containing K1and control diet. In birds fed K1 supplemented diet the bone ash weight was lower and length of bone was higher than those fed on diets containing K3 (P<0.05).According to the these results, addition vitamin K1 to low calcium diet improves the growth performance and bone physical properties in female quails.
Amin Kazemizadeh; Ahmad Zare Shahneh; Ali Reza Yousefi; Hasan Mehrabani Yeganeh; Zarbakht Ansari Pirsaraei
Volume 20, Issue 3 , November 2018, Pages 487-498
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Curcumin supplementation on histological parameters of testis in aged Ross 308 broiler breeder roosters. A total of twelve 48-week old broiler breeder roosters in a completely randomized design were randomly assigned to four treatments ...
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Curcumin supplementation on histological parameters of testis in aged Ross 308 broiler breeder roosters. A total of twelve 48-week old broiler breeder roosters in a completely randomized design were randomly assigned to four treatments and three replicates during a 13 weeks of experimental period. Treatments included no dietary Curcumin supplementation (control group), and daily supplementation of 10, 20, and 30 mg Curcumin/birds as mixed in the basal diet. At the end of the experimental period, all of the roosters were slaughtered, and testis tissue samples were collected. Testicular weight was higher in the roosters that daily received 30 mg Curcumin compared with the control group (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation of 20 and 30 mg Curcumin/day increased the diameter of seminiferous tubule compared to the control group (P<0.05). Seminiferous epithelium thickness was dose-dependently increased in Curcumin-supplemented birds compared to the control group (P<0.05). The number of spermatogonia cells was increased in all treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). The number of Leydig cells was also increased in roosters received 20 and 20 mg Curcumin/day compared to the control birds (P<0.05). However, treatments did not affect the number of testis blood vessels (P>0.05). According to the results of the present study, dietary supplementation of 30 mg Curcumin/day/bird improves testis histological parameters in aged broiler breeder roosters.