Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Former Ph. D. Student, Deptment of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran

2 Professor, Deptment of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran

3 Animal Science Research Department, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to assess the addition of pistachio by-product biochar (PBB) to lactating
In first experiment, the effects of the addition of different levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% diet on dry matter basis, DM) of
PBB on rumen fermentation parameters after 24h of incubation were investigated in a completely randomized design
with four treatments and three replications. Second experiment was designed to evaluate effect of feeding selected
level of PBB on performance and nutrient digestibility of 8 lactating Kermanian ewes in a Latin square change-over
design with two 21-day periods. Methane production and ammonia-N concentrations decreased linearly (P<0.01), and
pH increased linearly (P<0.01) as the dietary level of PBB raised. With the addition of 1%
diet, milk yield, blood glucose, digestibility of DM increased (P<0.05) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased
(P<0.05) compared to control group. In general, adding 1% of PBB to lactating
and digestibility of DM.

Keywords

1.   میرحیدری ا، تربتی‌نژاد ن، حسنی س و شاکری پ (1396) تأثیر استفاده از بیوچار حاصل از محصول فرعی پسته بر عملکرد، پروتئین میکروبی و برخی از فراسنجه‌های شکمبه و خون بره‌های پرواری. نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی). 117:162-151.
 
2.    Ahmed MMM and Abdalla HA (2005) Use of different nitrogen sources in the fattening of yearling sheep. Small Ruminant Research. 56(1-3): 39-45.
3.    AOAC (2000) Association of official analytical chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed., Arlington. VA.
4.    Belcher RW, Bontchev RP, Kim HS, Butler BB and MacKay J (2017) Biochars for use with animals [Online]. Available at: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170196812. 2017-01-30. 2017-07-13 [accessed 26 Aug 2018; verified 29 May 2018].
5.    Cabeza I, Waterhouse T, Sohi S and Rooke JA (2018) Effect of biochar produced from different biomass sources and at different process temperatures on methane production and ammonia concentrations in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 237(1-7): 1-7.
6.    Calvelo Pereira R, Muetzel S, Camps Arbestain M, Bishop P, Hina K and Hedley M (2014) Assessment of the influence of biochar on rumen and silage fermentation: A laboratory-scale experiment. Animal Feed Science Technilogy. 196: 22-31.
7.    Cheng CH, Lehmann J and Engelhard MH (2008) Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: Changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 72(6): 1598–1610.
8.    Dehority BA (1984) Evaluation of subsampling and fixation procedures used for counting rumen protozoa. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 48(1): 182-185.
9.    Demeyer D, Meulemeester MDE, Greave KDE and Gupta BW (1988) Effect of fungal treatment on nutritive value of straw. The Faculty of Medicine 53: 1811-1819.
10. Fedorak PM and Hurdy DE (1983) A simple apparatus for measuring gas production by methanogenic cultures in serum bottles. Environmental Technology 4(10): 425-432.
11. Gerlach A and Schmidt HP (2012) The use of biochar in cattle farming [Online]. Available at https://www.biochar-journal.org/en/ct/9 (modified 17 April. 2018; accessed 17 September 2018; verified 01 August 2014).
12. Hansen HH, Storm IMLD and Sell AM (2013) Effect of biochar on in vitro rumen methane production. Animal Science 62(4): 305- 309.
13. Huang QQ, Jin L, Xu Z, Barbieria LR, Acharyaa S, Hu TM, Stanford K, McAllister TA and Wang Y (2015) Effects of purple prairie clover (Dalea purpureaVent) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and faecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157: H7 in lambs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 207: 51-61.
14. Leng RA, Preston TR and Inthapanya S (2012) Biochar reduces enteric methane and improves growth and feed conversion in local yellow cattle fed cassava root chips and fresh cassava foliage [Online]. Available at http://www. lrrd.org/lrrd24/11/leng24199.htm/(accessed 6November 2012; verified 5 June 2013). Livestock Research for Rural Development.
15. McFarlane ZD, Myer PR, Cope ER, Evans ND, Bone TC, Biss BE and Mulliniks JT (2017) Effect of biochar type and size on invitro rumen fermentation of orchard grass hay. Agriculture Science 8: 316-325.
16. Minson DJ (1990) Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. 1st ed. Queensland, Australia
17. Nafikov RA and Beitz DC (2007) Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in farm animals. Journal of Nutrition 137(3): 702-705.
18. Rigout S, Hurtaud C, Lemosquet S, Bach A and Rulquin H (2003) Lactational effect of propionic acid and duodenal glucose in cows. Dairy Science 86(1): 243–253.
19. Samonin VV and Elikova EE (2004) A study of the adsorption of bacterial cells on porous materials. Microbiology 73(6): 696-701.
20. Silivong P and Preston TR (2015) Growth performance of goats was improved when a basal diet of foliage of Bauhinia acuminata was supplemented with water spinach and biochar. Livestock Research for Rural Development Online. Available at http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd27/3/sili27058.html [accessed 3March 2015; verified 15 September 2016].
21. Shakeri P, Durmic Z, Vadhanabhuti J and Vercoe, PE (2017) Products derived from olive leaves and fruits can alter in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane production. The Science of Food and Agriculture 97: 1367-1372.

22. Sonoki T, Furukawa T, Jindo K, Suto K, Aoyama M and Sanchez-Monedero MA (2013) Influence of biochar addition on methane metabolism during thermophilic phase of composting. Basic Microbiology 53(7): 617-621.

23. Stocks PK and McCleskey CS (1964) Morphology and physiology of methanomonas methanooxidans. primato bacteriology 88(4): 1071-1077.
24. Tabaru H, Kadota E, Yamada H, Sasaki N and Takeuchi A (1988) Determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in bovine plasma and ruminal fluid by high performance liquid chromatography. Veterinary Science 50(5): 1124-1126.