Mostafa Akbari Alaei; Javad Rezaei; Yousef Rouzbehan
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 357-373
Abstract
This research was conducted to compare the effect of different zinc sources on in vitro microbial populations, hydrolytic enzymes and ruminal fermentation products in sheep. Five diets without zinc supplement (control) or containing ZnSO4, ZnO, nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine were assessed. The 24 and 72-h ...
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This research was conducted to compare the effect of different zinc sources on in vitro microbial populations, hydrolytic enzymes and ruminal fermentation products in sheep. Five diets without zinc supplement (control) or containing ZnSO4, ZnO, nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine were assessed. The 24 and 72-h gas tests were conducted in a completely randomized design where the microbial populations, hydrolytic enzymes, methane, antioxidant activity, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), truly degraded substrate (TDS), microbial biomass, partitioning factor (PF) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined. Total proteolytic bacteria count and protease activity decreased due to the usage of organic, inorganic and nano-particle sources of zinc (P<0.05). The use of methionine, oxide and sulfate sources of zinc increased alpha-amylase activity (P<0.05). Total protozoa number in the 24-h incubation tended to decrease owing to dietary zinc supplements. Total cellulolytic bacteria, carboxymethyl-cellulase, microcrystalline-cellulase, filter paper-degrading activity, antioxidant capacity, microbial biomass and PF were the same among treatments. Zinc methionine, oxide and sulfate supplements increased OMD, ME, TDS and total VFA, whereas decreased ammonia and acetate:propionate ratio (P<0.05). Also, 24-h methane production decreased with the use of zinc supplements (P<0.05). Overall, the dietary addition of sulfate, oxide and methionine- sources of zinc is recommended with the aim of improving alpha-amylase activity and digestibility and reducing proteolytic activity, ammonia accumulation and methane, but feeding nano-ZnO is not recommended. More research is needed on the effect of zinc sources on rumen microorganisms and enzymes in different dietary conditions.
Akbar Yaghobfar; Rezvan Yaghoubfar; Ehsan Zare Banadkoki
Volume 23, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 223-233
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of cell wall carbohydrates with diet supplemented enzyme on the function and expression of glucose transporter genes (SGLT1 and GLUT2), peptide transporter (PepT1) and mucin production (MUC2) in the small intestine of broilers. In this study, 1100 ...
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The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of cell wall carbohydrates with diet supplemented enzyme on the function and expression of glucose transporter genes (SGLT1 and GLUT2), peptide transporter (PepT1) and mucin production (MUC2) in the small intestine of broilers. In this study, 1100 mixeddayold chickens (male and female), Ross 308 were used based on a completely randomized design with 11 treatments and five replications (20 birds per replication) for 42 days. Experimental diets included control diets, diets containing wheat, barley, wheat bran, rice bran, and hull less barley with and without enzymes, respectively. The results showed that the effect of diets containing wheat, barley and hull less barley with enzyme on the total live weight of broiler chickens at 42 days of age was significantly different (P <0.05).Cell wall carbohydrates of wheat, wheat bran and rice bran in diets increased pancreatic amylase activity (barley 3.02, wheat 5.99 U/mg CP of small intestinal tissue) (P < 0.05). The expression of the studied SGLT1 and MUC2 genes in the experimental diets without enzyme showed a significant increase compared to enzymes supplemented diet (P < 0.05). Also, among the groups of enzyme-supplemented diets, only wheat and rice bran groups were able to increase the expression of SGLT1, MUC2 and GLUT2 genes compared to the control group (P <0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of diets containing cell wall carbohydrates with enzyme affects the expression of glucose transport genes (SGLT1 and GLUT2), peptide transport (PepT1) and mucin production (MUC2) in the small intestine jejunum. This indicates the optimal function of the digestive system of broilers in terms of digestion and absorption of nutrients.