jamal mahmoudi; sara mirzaie goudarzi; Abbas Frahavar; Ali asghar Saki; Ali reza Nourian
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 371-380
Abstract
The effect of essential oils blend, probiotic and flavomycin on performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characteristics, cecal microbial population and blood parameters was studied with 288 day-old chickens, Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 42 days of age in a completely randomized design by 4 ...
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The effect of essential oils blend, probiotic and flavomycin on performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characteristics, cecal microbial population and blood parameters was studied with 288 day-old chickens, Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 42 days of age in a completely randomized design by 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 18 chickens in each replication. The experimental treatments were: 1) basal diet as control group (without additive), 2) basal diet + 150 mg/kg essential oils blend, 3) basal diet + 200 mg/kg Gallipro® probiotic, and 4) basal diet + 150 mg/kg flavomycin. The results showed that feed intake was lower in the control group than other treatments (P<0.05). In the whole trial period, the weight gain of chickens fed with the diet containing flavomycin was higher than other birds and had a better feed conversion ratio than control birds or fed with the diet contains probiotic (P<0.05). The effect of treatments was not significant on relative weight of internal organs, pH of the GIT digesta and Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli population in the ceca. The relative weight of the breast was greater in chickens fed with flavomycin than control group or birds that received essential oils blend (P<0.05). There was no difference between treatments in terms of plasma cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride concentrations, but HDL concentration was lower in the plasma of birds receiving flavomycin compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, adding essential oils blend to the diet improved performance and can be used as a growth promoter instead of flavomycin in broilers diet.
zahra nooreh; kamran Taherpour; Mohammad Akbari Gharaei; Hassan Shizadi; Hossein Ali Ghasemi
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 381-392
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferulago angulata (FA) as a substitute for common feed additive on performance and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of Ross 308 broilers. A total of 450 one-day-old male broiler chickens were ...
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The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferulago angulata (FA) as a substitute for common feed additive on performance and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of Ross 308 broilers. A total of 450 one-day-old male broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replicates per treatment. The experimental treatments consisted of the basal diet with no additives (control); the basal diet containing Salinomycine antibiotic (500 mg/kg); Primalak® probiotic (recommended level), vitamin and mineral mixture (200 mg/kg of E and C vitamins and 0.3 mg/kg of selenium) and hydroalcoholic extract of FA at the levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg. During the entire experimental period, the birds fed diets with additives had better body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared with the control birds (P<0.05). Feeding broiler chickens with experimental diets, except for the diet containing antibiotic, resulted in decreased concentrations of serum triglyceride and cholesterol compared with the control diet (P<0.05). The heterophil percentage and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio decreased in the birds fed diets with evaluated additives, except for treatment containing 200 mg/kg of FA extract (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, the FA extract, especially at the level of 400 mg/kg of diet, could be used as a suitable substitute for commercial dietary feed additives to improve growth performance and blood hematological and biochemical parameters of broilers.
Fahima Daneshyar; S. Mohammad Hosseini; Akbar Yaghobfar
Volume 21, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 233-246
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of non-starch polysaccarides on performance, energy and protein efficiencies and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks, an experiment was conducted in three periods of starter, grower and finisher period, using 420 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks from both sexes ...
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In order to determine the effect of non-starch polysaccarides on performance, energy and protein efficiencies and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks, an experiment was conducted in three periods of starter, grower and finisher period, using 420 one-day old Ross 308 broiler chicks from both sexes in a completely randomized design with seven treatments, six replicates and 10 chicks per replicate. The experimental treatments were basal diet, diets containing 0.10 and 0.20 percent of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, diets containing 5 and 10 percent of wheat bran, diets containing three and six percent of soybean hull. The results of the experiment showed that the control treatment had the lowest feed intake during the whole period of breeding (P<0.05). The highest feed intake was related to 10 percent wheat bran and levels of 3 and 6 percent soybean hull (P<0.05). Treatments containing 3 percent soybean hull showed the highest daily weight gain (P<0.05) during the whole experiment. There is no statistical difference for the feed conversion ratio during the whole trial period. The highest relative energy efficiency related to yeast levels were compared to treatments containing wheat bran and soybean hull (P<0.05). The lowest relative energy and protein efficiency was related to 10 percent wheat bran compared to control treatment (P <0.05). The results of the experiment showed that the use of two tenths of yeast, 10 percent wheat bran and six percent soybean hull in the diet of broiler chickens is recommended.
Naser Mahmoudnia; Behrouz Dastar; Omid Ashayerizadeh; Javad Bayat
Volume 21, Issue 2 , July 2019, , Pages 261-271
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the nutrient ileal digestibility of raw date pit (RDP) and fermented date pit (FDP) as well as their effects on performance and some bloody traits in broiler chickens,. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 72 male broiler ...
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the nutrient ileal digestibility of raw date pit (RDP) and fermented date pit (FDP) as well as their effects on performance and some bloody traits in broiler chickens,. The first experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 72 male broiler chicks, three treatments and six replicates (four chicks each) . The treatments consisted of a corn – soybean diet and two experimental diets which prepared by replacing RDP and FDP to basal diet at 25 %. The second experiment was performed in a 2× 4 factorial arrangement along with a control treatment in completely randomized design in a population of 540 day old broiler chickens in nine treatments with five replicates (12 chicks each). Dietary treatments included a diet without date pit (control), and diets containing two, four, six and eight percent of RDP or FDP. The digestibility of crude protein, fiber and ash in the FDP were higher than RDP (p<0.05). Feeding broiler chickens with FDP compared to RDP, improved weight gain (2110.5 g vs 1991.3 g ) and increased feed intake (p<0.05). The blood cholesterol and LDL-c decreased in chickens fed by FDP compared to RDP (p<0.05). According to the results of this experiment fermentation of date pit increases digestibility of its nutrients and improves weight gain of broiler chickens.
Mohammad Reza Nehirat; Somayyeh Salari; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani
Volume 21, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 73-86
Abstract
In order to compare the effect of prebiotic and various types of fibers on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was performed with 320 chicks with eight treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were basal diet (corn-soybean meal), basal ...
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In order to compare the effect of prebiotic and various types of fibers on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was performed with 320 chicks with eight treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were basal diet (corn-soybean meal), basal diet with prebiotic (Biolex, MB40), and various sources of fiber (wheat bran (WB), soybean hull (SH), and palm kernel meal (PKM)). Different types of fiber and prebiotics were added to the diet at 1.5,3% and 2 g/kg, respectively. The birds that consumed 1.5% of PKM had the best feed conversion ratio compared to the other treatments except 3% of PKM and control diet (P<0.05). Abdominal fat pad significantly decreased in birds that consumed various types of fiber compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Apparent ileal digestibility of organic matter and crude protein increased in birds that consumed 3% palm kernel meal (P<0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility of ether extract decreased in birds that consumed PKM compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of various types of fiber caused a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides compared to the control diet (P<0.05). The results showed that dietary inclusion of PKM improved performance, decreased abdominal fat pad and E.coli and coliform population of cecum and increased digestability of crude protein and population of Lactobacillus of cecum in broiler chickens.
mehrdad nafisi; Mansour Rezaei; sayed abdoullah hosseini; mohamad kazemifard
Volume 21, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 113-125
Abstract
In order to determine effect of various sources of manganese, zinc and copper (Sulfate, foreign and Internal organic) and requirement levels (100, 50% requirement) on performance and immune response of broilers, an expriment was conducted using 480 commercial CAB 500 hybrid broilers in a 2×3 factorial ...
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In order to determine effect of various sources of manganese, zinc and copper (Sulfate, foreign and Internal organic) and requirement levels (100, 50% requirement) on performance and immune response of broilers, an expriment was conducted using 480 commercial CAB 500 hybrid broilers in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design. During the experiment, live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood sampling was done and total antibody titer against sheep's red blood cell (SRBC), antibody titer against Newcastle Disease virus (ND) and differential count of white blood cells (WBC) were measured. The results showed that mineral sources did not affect the performance of broilers. The sources of minerals had a significant effect on livability percentage (P<0.05) and the highest livability was observed for organic (foreign and local) treatments. Usage of local organic manganese, zinc and copper caused a better response to sheep's red blood cell (SRBC) (P<0.05) relative to foreign form. Moreover, there was significant difference among the treatments in terms of weight (P<0.05), feed conversion (P<0.05) and production index (P<0.05) and treatment with 100% requirement level had maximum impact. The birds fed with 50 % requirement showed a better response to SRBC (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment, the organic forms of the three manganese, zinc and copper produced in Iran can simultaneously, meet the needs of broilers and can be replaced with inorganic and the foreign sources. In addition, the 100 % requirement level of manganese, zinc and copper, regardless of source, is recommended to achieve the maximum growth performance and 50 % requirement level is recommended for better immune function.
Meysam pourtaheri; Mehran Mehri; Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani; Mahmoud Ghazaghi
Volume 21, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 127-137
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of mineral salts, chelates and nano iron resources supplementation to diet on performance, tissue iron reserves and meat quality of Japanese quails, an experiment was carried out using 400 Japanese quails in a completely randomized design with 10 experimental ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of different levels of mineral salts, chelates and nano iron resources supplementation to diet on performance, tissue iron reserves and meat quality of Japanese quails, an experiment was carried out using 400 Japanese quails in a completely randomized design with 10 experimental treatments and 4 replicates. The experimental treatments consisted of one basal diet without iron supplement (control) and basal diets supplemented with levels of 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg of sulfate, chelate and nano iron. Birds fed 120 mg chelate of iron had more weight gain than control, 60 and 120 mg sulfate (P<0.05). Nutrition of 90 and 120 mg Nano iron improved feed conversion ratio compared to controls, sulfate and 60 mg chelate iron. Birds fed with diet containing 90 and 120 mg chelate and 120 mg nano iron had more iron accumulation in breast meat than sulfate and control groups (P<0.05). The group of 120 mg chelate iron had higher water holding capacity than control, 60 mg and 90 mg sulfate, 60 mg chelate and 90 mg nano iron treatments, and lower amount of malondialdehyde than control and 60 mg sulfate iron groups. The group of 120 mg nano iron had higher iron in the liver and blood serum, and lower cooking loss compared to the control (P<0.05). Effect of experimental treatments on feed cost were not significant. In this study, various forms and levels of iron had a variable effect on the studied parameters.
mansor saravani; Kamal Shojaeian; mehran mehri; Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani
Volume 21, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 139-150
Abstract
In order to study the effect of different levels of dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and calcium on performance, bone composition and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail, a total of 720 quail chicks were used in a 3×3 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design including three ...
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In order to study the effect of different levels of dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and calcium on performance, bone composition and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail, a total of 720 quail chicks were used in a 3×3 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design including three levels of DEB (150, 250 and 350 mEq/kg) and three levels of dietary calcium (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6%) in 9 treatments, 5 replications and 16 birds per each replicate from 14 to 35 days of age. The results showed that the birds fed diet containing 0.4% calcium and 250 mEq/kg DEB had the highest feed intake (P<0.05). Experimental treatments had no effect on feed conversion ratio. At both 0.4 and 0.8% of dietary calcium level, the highest bone calcium content was observed at 150 mEq/kg DEB (P<0.05). The minimum kidney weight was observed in treatment containing 1.6% calcium and 150 mEg/kg DEB and the maximum thigh and breast relative weights were observed in treatment containing 0.8% calcium and 150 mEq/kg DEB (P<0.05). In conclusion, the interaction of dietary calcium and DEB could be considered as an important limitation in the feed formulation of growing Japanese quail.
Razieh Valipourian; farid shariatmadari; Mihammad Amir Karimi Torshizi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 565-576
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of garlic and thyme’s medicinal plants essential oils blend as a feed additive following feed restriction on growth performance, relative growth rate and ileal microbial population of broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 336 one-day old ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of garlic and thyme’s medicinal plants essential oils blend as a feed additive following feed restriction on growth performance, relative growth rate and ileal microbial population of broiler chickens. This study was conducted using 336 one-day old chickens (Ross 308) as a factorial experiment (2×3) in a completely randomized design in six treatments with four replications and 14 birds per each replicate . The factors included two levels of feed restriction (without feed restriction and %10 feed restrictions) and three types of growth promoter additives (none-additive, blend of essential oils and antibiotic). The results showed that the body weight in 18 days of age was significantly affected by feed restriction (P <0.05). Feed restriction, feed additive and interaction between them did not affect the performance parameters. The addition of EO resulted in significant reduction in mortality rate (P <0.05). Feed costs for one kg of body weight were not affected by experimental treatments. Under the feed restriction, the population of E. coli and the total aerobic bacteria in ileum significantly reduced at 18 days of age (P <0.05). At 42 days of age, the addition of EO resulted in a significant reduction in E.coli, total aerobic bacteria count and increasing Lactobacillus counts (P <0.05). As a general conclusion, use of EO in feeding chicks faced with feed restriction could significantly increase the compensatory growth and might reduce the mortality and improve the ileal microbial population as well.
Heydar Zarghi; َAbolghasem Golian; Ahmad Hassanabadi; Farhad Khaligh
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 577-587
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the zinc (Zn) requirement in broiler chickens fed wheat-soy based diet. Two hundred fifty day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly assigned to a completely randomised design (CRD) experiment with 5 treatments, and 5 replicates of 10b each. The experimental ...
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The present study was conducted to determine the zinc (Zn) requirement in broiler chickens fed wheat-soy based diet. Two hundred fifty day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308), were randomly assigned to a completely randomised design (CRD) experiment with 5 treatments, and 5 replicates of 10b each. The experimental treatments included five dietary Zn levels (30, 70, 110, 150, and 190 mg/kg) provided by the addition of reagent grade “ZnSO4.7H2O”. The experiment lasted from 1-42d of age. Increasing dietary Zn level to 70mg/kg significantly increased 10, 24 and 42d live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) during 1-10, 25-42 and 1-42d of age and feed efficiency (FE) during 1-10d of age. The linear broken-line (LBL), quadratic-broken line (QBL) and the quadratic polynomial (QP) regression models were used to estimate the Zn requirement. The Zn requirement for optimal final LBW and FI, WG, and FE during 1-42d of ages by LBL model were 68.77, 83.12, 66.99 and 62.75 mg/kg of diet, and by QBL model 70.00, 79.93, 69.63 and 58.01 mg/kg of diet, respectively. In conclusion, Zn requirement varied between 58-83 mg/kg, which is higher than NRC and is lower than strain recommendation in the broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet.
Amir Salarinia; Nazar Afzali; Seyyed Javad Hosseini-Vashan; Moslem Bashtani
Volume 20, Issue 4 , February 2019, , Pages 625-639
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of type (Rice Hull (RH) and Oat Hull (OH)), level (3 and 6 percent) and particle size (0.5 and 2 mm) of insoluble fiber on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology of chickens, 360 day-old male broilers (Ross 308), were use in a completely randomized design ...
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To evaluate the effect of type (Rice Hull (RH) and Oat Hull (OH)), level (3 and 6 percent) and particle size (0.5 and 2 mm) of insoluble fiber on performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology of chickens, 360 day-old male broilers (Ross 308), were use in a completely randomized design with 9 treatment and 4 replicate with 10 birds each, for 42 days. In the 29-42 days, broilers fed 6 percent with 0.5 mm RH had higher (P≤0.05) average daily gain, daily feed intake and lower feed: gain than control group. In fact, the 6 percent with 0.5 mm OH inclusion reduced (P≤0.01) abdominal fat and carcass performance as compared to control (P≤0.0`5). Results showed that broilers fed OH and RH had higher relative weight of gizzard and gallbladder than broilers fed the control diet (P≤0.05). Broilers fed RH had higher villus length than other treatment in the jejnum at 21 and 42 days of age and duodenum at 21 days of age (P≤0.01). In this experiment, the broiler fed 3 percent RH with 2 mm particle size had the highest epithelium width (P≤0.01) in the ileum section at 21 day of age. Therefore the results showed inclusion of 3 percent RH with 0.5 mm particle size to broiler diets may improve the growth performance and intestine morphology.
Mehdi Dehghan banadaky; abolfazl zali
Volume 20, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 283-292
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of feeding yeast probiotic in milk or starter on growth, fecal score, health, blood and rumen parameters, 30 female Holstein calves with average 40.4±1.8 kg birth weight in Taliseh Nemouneh dairy farm used from 14 until 65 days old. Calves randomly divided to 3 treatments ...
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To evaluate the effect of feeding yeast probiotic in milk or starter on growth, fecal score, health, blood and rumen parameters, 30 female Holstein calves with average 40.4±1.8 kg birth weight in Taliseh Nemouneh dairy farm used from 14 until 65 days old. Calves randomly divided to 3 treatments including: 1) control (without probiotic) 2) yeast probiotic in starter 3) yeast probiotic in milk. Average daily gain, body weight and feed efficiency were not significantly different between treatments. Dry matter intake was significantly lower in treatment 2 than control (P<0.01). Digestibility of feed nutrients, ammonia nitrogen concentration, rumen fluid pH and blood parameters did not affected by treatments. Fecal score and health in treatment 2 and 3 were better than control. Generally, calves were fed with yeast probiotic in milk had the best fecal score and health
Massome Nouri; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani; Ahmad Tatar; Mohammad Amin Mehrnia
Volume 20, Issue 2 , August 2018, , Pages 315-327
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clove essential oil nanoemulsion (CEON) on performance of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet. A total of 280 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308, mix sex) were used in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicats. ...
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The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clove essential oil nanoemulsion (CEON) on performance of broiler chickens fed wheat-based diet. A total of 280 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308, mix sex) were used in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicats. The experimental treatments were; 1- control, 2- control supplemented with enzyme (En), 3- control supplemented with 200 mg/kg clove essential oil (CEO) and 4 to 7 were control supplemented with 200, 150, 100 and 50 mg/kg of CEON, respectively. The results of this experiment showed that in the whole rearing period, the feed intake and body weight gain of birds fed diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg CEON decreased significantly compared with control and En treatments (P≤0.05). In the whole period of experiment, chicks fed diets supplemented with CEO and 50 mg/kg CEON had better feed conversion ratio compared with control group (P≤0.05). Serum triglyceride concentration decreased significantly in chicks fed diets containing different levels of CEON compared to En treatment (P≤0.05). Relative weight of bursa increased in chicks fed diets containing CEO and 200 mg/kg CEON in comparison with control treatment. Supplementation broiler diets with CEO and 200, 150 and 100 mg/kg CEON decreased significantly Escherichia coli populations of cecal content (P≤0.05). According to the results of this experiment, supplementation broiler wheat-based diets with CEON may decrease Escherichia coli populations of cecal content.
Zahra Alimoradi Tamrin; Hassan Darmani Kohi; navid gavi hosseinzadeh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of Galbanum essential oil (GEO) and xylanase on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks, a total of 160 one-day old chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used to four dietary treatments based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. The ...
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In order to investigate the effects of Galbanum essential oil (GEO) and xylanase on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks, a total of 160 one-day old chicks (Ross 308 strain) were used to four dietary treatments based on a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement. The factors included were xylanase (0 and 0.2 gr/kg of diet) and GEO (0 and 0.1 gr/kg of diet). During the experimental periods (0-10 d, 11-24 d and 25-42 d), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. At days 21 and 42 of age two chicks from each replicate were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristic and ileal microbial populations of E. coli and Lactobacillus. Adding enzymes to the diet increased BWG in growing period and improved FCR in the growing and in the entire period of the experiment. At 21 day of age, GEO supplementation alone or GEO and xylanase as mixed significantly (P
firouz asgari; mostafa yousef elahi; Hassan Fazaeli
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 43-53
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine use of Prosopis julifora pods (PJP) in lactating goats (twenty lactating Tali goats with body weight mean of 34 ± 2.5 kg) diet. Goats were divided in two groups of ten heads) One group with control diet and the other group with Prosopis julifora) and fed for ...
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The aim of this study was to examine use of Prosopis julifora pods (PJP) in lactating goats (twenty lactating Tali goats with body weight mean of 34 ± 2.5 kg) diet. Goats were divided in two groups of ten heads) One group with control diet and the other group with Prosopis julifora) and fed for 12 weeks. Diets were prepared based on goats’ requirements from both forage and concentrate with equal proportion. PJP rate in total experimental diet was 19.25%. Animals were weighed individually the beginning of the trial and every two weeks until the end of period. Their weight changes were calculated. Also, their weekly milk production rate and milk compositions were determined. The average daily milk yield and milk fat percent in fed goats with control diet and PJP diet was 550 and 570g, and 3.24 and 2.39%, respectively that weren’t statistically different. Milk compositions (fat, protein, ash, solid material and solid material without fat) weren’t affected by the diet. The body weight during of experimental period and also, between two groups was not significant different statistically. Total cost of feed and milk production of fed goats with 20% PJP diet was cheaper than control group. Therefore, PJP can be used as a feedstuff up to 20% of lactating goats’ diet and reduce nutrition cost.
Seyd Ahmad Sahaf; Heydar Zarghi; َAbolghasem Golian
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 131-143
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of raw and/or autoclaved grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seed in diet on performance and egg quality of laying hens. Three hundred and thirty-six Leghorn laying hens strain W-36 at 87 week of age were assigned in a completely randomize designed (CRD) ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of raw and/or autoclaved grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seed in diet on performance and egg quality of laying hens. Three hundred and thirty-six Leghorn laying hens strain W-36 at 87 week of age were assigned in a completely randomize designed (CRD) experiment with 7 treatments, 6 replicates and 8 birds each. The experimental treatments included; corn-soybean meal (control) diet, and 8, 16 and 24% dietary levels of either raw or autoclaved grass pea grain. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Feed consumption, egg production percentage and egg mass of hens fed diets containing different levels of raw and autoclaved grass pea grain were significantly lower and their feed conversion ratio was significantly higher than those fed control diet. The autoclaving of grass pea grain resulted in significant increase in performance and eggshell quality indices in birds fed diets containing 16 and 24% grass pea grain. Although autoclaving of grass pea grain reduced the negative effect of its replacement in the diet on performance and egg characteristics, however, it could not compensate the reduction in performance. According to the results of this experiment, the utilization of raw grass pea grain is not recommended in laying hen diets. Also, autoclaving process alone can’t destroy the anti-nutritional factors present in grass pea grain.
mohammad houshmand; Mokhtar Khajavi; siamak parsaei
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 891-904
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of different levels of oak acorn(OA) with and without choline addition in broilers diet. A total of 528 one-day-old chicks were used in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design, with six treatments, four ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of different levels of oak acorn(OA) with and without choline addition in broilers diet. A total of 528 one-day-old chicks were used in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design, with six treatments, four replicates and 22 chicks per each. Two studied factors were choline (0 and 0.3 % diet) and OA(0, 15 and 20% diet). In starter (d 1-21) and finisher (d 22-42) diets, corn was replaced with 15 and 20 % OA, without any change in percentage of other dietary feed ingredients. The findings indicated that feeding birds with diets containing 20 % OA reduced body weight gain during starter, finisher and entire period (d 1-42) of the study when compared to the diet without OA (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of 15 and 20 % OA increased feed conversion ratio (except for 15 % OA in finisher phase) compared to the level of 0 %, throughout the study (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.3 % choline improved starter and overall feed conversion ratio(P<0.05).There was no significant interaction between OA level and choline for body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Replacing corn with OA resulted in a significant reduction in tibia bone ash weight/length index, at 42-day of age (P<0.05). In conclusion, substitution of corn with 15 and 20 % OA reduced the performance of broilers. Addition of choline did not prevent reduction in performance of OA-fed birds.
sayed abdoullah hosseini; mehdi amirsadeghi; amir hossein alizadeh-ghamsari; houshang lotfollahian; Mohammad Reza Solymani
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 917-928
Abstract
The effects of two sources of organic zinc on performance and immune responses of broiler chickens were evaluated by using seven-hundred and fifty day-old Arian broiler chickens which randomly allocated in 30 experimental units in a completely randomized design as ...
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The effects of two sources of organic zinc on performance and immune responses of broiler chickens were evaluated by using seven-hundred and fifty day-old Arian broiler chickens which randomly allocated in 30 experimental units in a completely randomized design as a 2×3 factorial with two sources of organic zinc (zinc- methionine and zinc- glycine) and three levels of dietary zinc (40, 80 and 120 mg/kg). During the experiment, live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment (age 42d) two birds from each replicate were bleed and total antibody titer against Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC), antibody titer against Newcastle Disease virus (ND) and differential count of white blood cells (WBC) were measured. Dietary inclusion of zinc-methionine improved LBW (day 42), FI (days 0-28) and FCR (days 0-14) in comparison with zinc- glycine (P<0.05), but did not influence on productive index and livability. Antibody titer against SRBC was higher when 80 mg/kg zincwas included in diet (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of zinc-methionine improved performance of broiler chickens in comparison with zinc- glycine (P<0.05). Enhancement of some immune responses was observed by addition of 80 mg/kg organic zinc supplement to the diets. According to the results, using zinc-methionine improved broiler performance, so it should be suggested as a zinc source.
Afsaneh Azdi; Nemat Ziaei; Sayyed Mehdi GHoreishi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 941-952
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of borage (Echium amoenum) powder on performance,nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters in heat stressed broiler chickens. A total of 160, one-day-old male broiler chicken (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of borage (Echium amoenum) powder on performance,nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters in heat stressed broiler chickens. A total of 160, one-day-old male broiler chicken (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments with 4 replicates, 10 chicks each, in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments consisted of: T1, basal diet (BD), T2, T3 and T4 were included BD plus 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kgBW boragepowder, respectively. The birds reared at the same condition till 24-day of age. The birds were kept at 34°C±2 (9.00am to 17.00; for 8 hours) from 25 to 42 days of age. Dietary supplementation of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW) ofborage powder increased body weight gain and significantly improved FCR compared to that of basal diet (P<0.05). Inclusion of 1000 mg/kg BW borage powder significantly (P<0.05) increased protein digestibility. Addition of 500 or 2000 mg/kgBW borage powder significantly increased lipid digestibility (P<0.05). Supplementation of diet with 1000 mg/kgBW borage powder significantly reduced (P<0.05) heterophile to lymphocyte ratio and increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P<0.05). Inclusion of 1000 mg/kgBW borage powder significantly (P<0.05) reduced relative weight of bursa fabricious and pancreas in broiler chickens. It was concluded that supplementation of diet with 1000 mg/kgBW borage powder improved performance, protein and lipid digestibility and decrease negative impact of heat stress in broiler chickens.
hamid amanlou; abolfazl zali
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 337-348
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) containing long-chain fatty acids with L-carnitine (LC) on performance and carcass traits of thirty two Mahabadi male kids. Experimental diets were 1) diet without PSP and LC 2) diet with 10% PSP Kg/DMI and without ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) containing long-chain fatty acids with L-carnitine (LC) on performance and carcass traits of thirty two Mahabadi male kids. Experimental diets were 1) diet without PSP and LC 2) diet with 10% PSP Kg/DMI and without LC 3) diet without PSP and with 300ppm LC Kg/DMI and 4) diet with 10% PSP and 300ppm LC Kg/DMI. Kids were slaughtered at the end of study and carcass characteristics were measured. Addition of PSP and LC in diet decreased kidney fat (P<0.05). The kids fed with PSP and LC supplement had higher fat digestibility than other treatments (P<0.05). Furthermore, the use of PSP in the diet decreased the feed cost per Kg of hot carcass (P=0.05). The results of this study indicated that replacing a part of dietary cereal grains with PSP and LC supplement decreased kidney fat. Also, the simultaneous use of LC and PSP increased apparent digestibility of fat, and showed numerically higher performance. According to the results of this study, the PSP can be used as an economical byproduct without negative effects on performance, and along with LC in the diet of kids it will reduce kidney fat as well.
mojtaba afshin; Nazar Afzali; Mohsen Mojtahedi; Abas Mohammadi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 403-414
Abstract
The effects of seeds and whole plant powder and extract of Milk thistle (MT) plant in reducing the negative effects of feeding 500 ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on broiler chickens performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters were examined using 192 one-day old chick (Ross 308) in a completely ...
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The effects of seeds and whole plant powder and extract of Milk thistle (MT) plant in reducing the negative effects of feeding 500 ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on broiler chickens performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters were examined using 192 one-day old chick (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates and 8 birds per repetition. The experimental treatments included: 1) control, 2) contaminated control (CC), 3) CC + 0.5 percent of MT seed powder, 4) CC + 1 percent MT plant powder, 5) CC + 600mg/kg MT plant extract, 6) CC + 1000mg/kg MT plant extract. Results indicated that feeding contaminated diet reduced body weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio and alanine aminotransferase enzyme compared with control in whole experimental period (P≤0.05). The inclusion of 1 percent MT plant powder to the contaminated diets improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio in 1-7, 7-21 days and whole experimental period (1-35 days) compared to the contaminated control (P≤0.05). The addition of 0.5 percent MT seed powder, 1 percent MT plant powder and 1000mg/kg MT plant extract to the contaminated diets decreased alanine aminotransferase enzyme (at 35d) compared to the contaminated control (P≤0.05). It was concluded that compared to other treatments, one percent MT plant powder was more effective in reducing the negative effects of feeding AFB1 in broiler chickens.
Hossein Irandoust; Ali Parsa
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 129-143
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of soy oil sources and investigate the effect of their use in broilers diets on growth performance. In the first experiment, fatty acids composition of the experimental oils was determined and then the apparent metabolizable ...
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Two experiments were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of soy oil sources and investigate the effect of their use in broilers diets on growth performance. In the first experiment, fatty acids composition of the experimental oils was determined and then the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of oils was estimated through two methods, including multiplying the digestibility of the oil by its gross energy value as well as subtracting AME value of the basal diet from diets containing the oils using Leghorn mature roosters. In the second experiment, the effects of four dietary treatments containing 5% of each oil source was studied on the performance of Ross 308 broilers, replicated 5 times, using a completely randomized design. Linoleic acid content turned out to be 51.46% in soybean oil (SO), 11.35% in hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO), 32.53% in recycled soybean oil (RSO) and 40.03% in acidulated soybean oil soap-stock (ASO). The AME of the oils obtained by multiplying method for SO, HSO, RSO and ASO appeared to be 8920, 8733, 8602 and 7836 kcal/kg, respectively. When calculated by subtracting method, the AME of the oils turned out to be 9016, 8794, 8765 and 7906 kcal/kg, respectively, which indicates higher values obtained from the latter method than former one. Moreover, HSO improved feed intake compared with SO (P<0.05). Also, ASO reduced daily weight gain and increased FCR in grower period compared with SO. It is concluded that recycled soybean oil appeared to have no adverse effect on broiler performance.
mohamad yazarloo
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 145-157
Abstract
In order to study the impact of different levels of dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein on performance and nitrogen and energy metabolism of Japanese quail during growth period, 360 day-old Japanese quails were used in a 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of metabolizable energy ...
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In order to study the impact of different levels of dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein on performance and nitrogen and energy metabolism of Japanese quail during growth period, 360 day-old Japanese quails were used in a 3×3 factorial experiment with three levels of metabolizable energy (2750, 2850 and 2950 Kcal/kg) and three levels of crude protein (24, 26 and 28 percent) in a completely randomized design with four replicates and 10 birds in each replicate. The feed intake and body weight gain were measured weekly and feed conversion ratio was calculated. The nitrogen intake, excretion and retention as gram per bird per day, percent of nitrogen intake and gram nitrogen per kilocalorie per metabolizable energy consumed and dietary apparent metabolizable energy content were measured during 26 to 28 days of age period. The results of this study showed that birds fed diet containing 2850 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 26 percent crude protein had significantly (P< 0.05) higher daily weight gain and higher nitrogen retention per each unit of metabolizable energy consumed and better feed conversion ratio. According to the results of this experiment, it seems that the best growth rate, the maximum nitrogen retention and the best feed efficiency of growing Japanese quail are achieved by feeding diets containing 2850 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 26 percent crude protein. Therefore, these values can be recommended as metabolizable energy and crude protein requirements of Japanese quail growing diet.
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 189-200
Abstract
Effect of different levels of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Protexin® probiotics on performance, humoral immune response and Ileal microbial population were evaluated using 360 birds in a completely randomized design as 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 3 levels of ginger powder (0, 2.5 and ...
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Effect of different levels of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Protexin® probiotics on performance, humoral immune response and Ileal microbial population were evaluated using 360 birds in a completely randomized design as 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 3 levels of ginger powder (0, 2.5 and 5 g per kg), and 2 levels of probiotics (0 and 150 mg per kg) in 6 treatments and 5 replicates of 12 birds for 28 days. Birds consumed greater amount of diet containing 2.5 g/kg ginger (P<0.05). Birds fed diet containing 150 mg/kg of probiotics had higher feed intake and weight gain, and lower feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Feed intake was higher in birds fed diet containing 2.5 g/kg ginger and 150 mg/kg probiotics compared with those birds received diet without ginger and probiotics (P<0.05). Consumption of probiotics, ginger and combination of probiotics and ginger increased antibody titer against secondary challenge with sheep red blood cells compared with those birds received diet without ginger and probiotics (P<0.05). Antibody titers against Newcastle virus were not affected by supplementation of ginger and probiotics. Supplementation of diet with probiotics alone and in combination with ginger increased Ileal lactic acid bacteria and total bacterial population compared with diet without ginger and probiotics (P<0.05). Based on the result of current study, supplementation of Japanese quail’s diet with 2.5 g/kg ginger and 150 mg/kg probiotics could improve feed intake, immune response and ileal microbial ecosystem.
Reza Naseri Harsini; Farokh Kafilzadeh
Volume 18, Issue 4 , December 2016, , Pages 761-773
Abstract
Effects of feeding a commercial probiotic (primalac) on performance and carcass characteristics of Morkhoz goat kids were studied using 16 male kids (13.2 ± 1.6 kg body weight, 3 months old) based on a completely randomized design (2 treatments and 8 replicates). For this purpose kids were fed ...
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Effects of feeding a commercial probiotic (primalac) on performance and carcass characteristics of Morkhoz goat kids were studied using 16 male kids (13.2 ± 1.6 kg body weight, 3 months old) based on a completely randomized design (2 treatments and 8 replicates). For this purpose kids were fed for 119 days. The amount of feed consumption was recorded daily and body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were recorded and calculated monthly. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein three times during the experimental period, in equal intervals. At the end of the experimental period animals from each treatment were slaughtered to determine the carcass characteristics. Feeding probiotic did not affect performance parameters including the final live body weight, average feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. With the exception of creatinine concentration, which was lower (P<0.05) in probiotic consuming animals, plasma concentration of other metabolites did not affect by the probiotic consumption. Carcass characteristics measured in this study including weights of live body, carcasss, gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart and internal adipose tissues, weights of neck, rib, loin and long leg cuts and rib eye area did not affect by the treatments and only back fat thickness and shoulder weight were affected (P<0.05). In conclusion, it seems that the probiotic used in this experiment had no effect on performance and carcass chararcteristics of healthy, growing Morkhoz goat kids.