Hossein Mohammadi; Amir Hossein Khaltabadi Farahani; Mohammad Hossein Moradi; mohammad shamsollahi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , July 2023, , Pages 133-143
Abstract
Introduction: The selection of animals by humans left detectable signatures on the genome of modern goat. The identification of these signals can help us to improve the genetic characteristics of economically important traits in goat. Over the last decade, interest in detection of genes or genomic regions ...
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Introduction: The selection of animals by humans left detectable signatures on the genome of modern goat. The identification of these signals can help us to improve the genetic characteristics of economically important traits in goat. Over the last decade, interest in detection of genes or genomic regions that are targeted by selection has been growing. Identifying signatures of selection can provide valuable insights about the genes or genomic regions that are or have been under selection pressure, which in turn leads to a better understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships. A run of homozygosity (ROH) is a consecutive tract of homozygous genotypes in an individual that indicates it has inherited the same ancestral haplotype from both parents. Run of homozygosity one of the most methods were used to detecting the genomic inbreeding. The locations of ROHs which are under positive selection, or laboring favorable allele in population, tend to be fixed in the genome and formation of ROH Island during long times. Genomic regions enriched with ROH may be indicative of selection sweeps and are known as ROH islands. As detecting the ROH Islands, the genomic regions contain economic traits could be detectable.
Materials and Methods: In this research, the amount of genomic inbreeding and the effective size of the population were investigated using the information obtained from 879 goats of different breeds including Beetal, Daira Deen Panah, Nachi, Barbari, Teddi, Pahari, and Pothwari. In order to determine the genotype of the samples, Illumina caprine Bead Chip 50K were used. The genomic information of goat breeds was extracted from the figshare database. Quality control was conducted using the Plink software. The markers or individuals were excluded from the further study based on the following criteria: unknown chromosomal or physical location, call rate <0.95, missing genotype frequency >0.05, minor allele frequency (MAF) < 0.05, and a P-value for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test less than 10-3. After quality control, 36,861 SNPs from Goat SNP chip 50K on 827 goats were remained for the future analysis. Inbreeding coefficient was calculated using four methods including, genomic relationship matrix (FGRM), excess of homozygosity (FHOM), correlation between uniting gametes (FUNI) using the GCTA 1.0 software and run of homozygosity (FROH) using the PLINK 1.9 software. The effective population size (Ne) was calculated from linkage disequilibrium data with SNeP software (version 1.1). GeneCards (http://www.genecards.org) and UniProtKB (http://www.uniprot.org) databases were also used to interpret the function of the obtained genes.
Results and Discussion: The lowest and highest inbreeding coefficient calculated by three methods (FGRM, FHOM, and FUNI) were related to Beetal and Barbari breed, respectively. The highest (0.159) and lowest (0.028) amount of FROH was estimated in the Barbari and Pothwari breeds, respectively. The average length of ROH ranged from 70.2 to 391.4 Mb, and the average number of ROH fragments varied between 8.19 and 48.65. Also, the highest and lowest number of ROH were observed on chromosome 2 and 29, respectively. The size of Ne in in the current generations (fifth generation) of the studied breeds was ranged from 35 to 365. The highest Ne was estimated in the Beetal breed (365 heads) and the lowest in the Barbari breed (35 heads). The average inbreeding coefficient in Beetal, Teddi, Pahari, Nachi, Barbari, Daira Deen Panah and Pothwari breeds was obtained 0.035, 0.081, 0.031, 0.052, 0.15, 0.11 and 0.02, respectively. In addition, the Ne of most of the studied populations has been decreased. The results of this study revealed that, the selection processes in different goat breeds for economic traits during several years, has led to the formation of many ROH islands in goat genome, therefore scanning these regions at the genome level can be an alternative strategy to identify genes and associated loci with economic traits.
Conclusions: our findings contribute to the understanding of genetic diversity and population demography, and help design and implement breeding and conservation strategies for study goat breeds. Therefore, it is necessary to economize production and planning a suitable mating scheme to control inbreeding and genetically conserve the remaining pure animals of these breeds.
Mohammad Abdoli; Mohammad Bagher Zandi; Taher harkinezhad; Masoud Kahlili
Volume 23, Issue 2 , July 2021, , Pages 155-163
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic structure of Iranian native horse breeds to compare genetic diversity and understanding the relationships between the populations using 11 ISAG microsatellite markers. For this reason, 565 samples of the Iranian Equestrian database from different ages ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic structure of Iranian native horse breeds to compare genetic diversity and understanding the relationships between the populations using 11 ISAG microsatellite markers. For this reason, 565 samples of the Iranian Equestrian database from different ages including the Iranian Arab Asil, Caspian, Darehshouri, Kurdish and Turkmen and 113 samples were used for each breed. The number of observed alleles for each locus was 7 to 19 alleles with an average of 10.81 alleles, and it was 19 for ASB17 and 7 for HTG4 locus with the highest and lowest observed alleles ranking respectively. The average observed heterozygosity from the largest to the lowest rank was, Turkmen (0.68±0.11), Caspian (0.67±0.07), Kurdish (0.66±0.06) Darehshouri (0.65±0.07), and Arab Asil (0.62±0.08). Population structure analysis with UPGMA method showed that Caspian and Kurdish populations were grouped as a unit cluster while the other populations grouped as a separate cluster. These results confirmed this hypothesis that the Caspian and Kurdish populations are close to the Nisa horses. In general, the results of this study indicate that the Iranian native horses have got a high genetic diversity, despite of populations have genetic similarity and the other hand genetic clustering of the populations is consistent with their geographic distances. The result of this study shows that the ISAG microsatellite markers are polymorphic and have more efficiency for assignment genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of Iranian native horse breeds.
reza khalkhali ivriq; seyed hassan hafezian; nemat hedayat evrigh; ayoub farhadi; mohammad reza bakhtiarizadeh
Volume 20, Issue 1 , May 2018, , Pages 109-120
Abstract
This study was carried out for identification of deletions, insertions (INDELs) and assessment of their related functional groups in two Iranian dromedary camels (Yazdi camel and Trodi camel) using whole genome sequencing data. In this study, two powerful variant callers (GATK and SAMtools) were used ...
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This study was carried out for identification of deletions, insertions (INDELs) and assessment of their related functional groups in two Iranian dromedary camels (Yazdi camel and Trodi camel) using whole genome sequencing data. In this study, two powerful variant callers (GATK and SAMtools) were used to increase precision and accuracy of detected INDELs. Finally, common identified variants between two programs, after quality filtration, were considered as final INDELs. The present study led to identification of 351429 INDELs for Yazdi camel and 341479 INDELs for Trodi camel. Annotated INDELs that classified as high impact INDELs, were used for further analysis. The numbers of high impact INDELs were 3424 and 3506 for Yazdi and Trodi camels, respectively. To compare Iranian camels with non-Iranian camels, we used whole genome sequencing data of one African origin camel. Comparison of high impact INDELs between three samples showed that 1595 INDELs were common between them. Assessment of gene ontology’s results showed that many of significant terms are related to the ability of camels to withstand serve desert conditions.