Mostafa Akbari Alaei; Javad Rezaei; Yousef Rouzbehan
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 357-373
Abstract
This research was conducted to compare the effect of different zinc sources on in vitro microbial populations, hydrolytic enzymes and ruminal fermentation products in sheep. Five diets without zinc supplement (control) or containing ZnSO4, ZnO, nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine were assessed. The 24 and 72-h ...
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This research was conducted to compare the effect of different zinc sources on in vitro microbial populations, hydrolytic enzymes and ruminal fermentation products in sheep. Five diets without zinc supplement (control) or containing ZnSO4, ZnO, nano-ZnO and Zn-methionine were assessed. The 24 and 72-h gas tests were conducted in a completely randomized design where the microbial populations, hydrolytic enzymes, methane, antioxidant activity, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), truly degraded substrate (TDS), microbial biomass, partitioning factor (PF) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined. Total proteolytic bacteria count and protease activity decreased due to the usage of organic, inorganic and nano-particle sources of zinc (P<0.05). The use of methionine, oxide and sulfate sources of zinc increased alpha-amylase activity (P<0.05). Total protozoa number in the 24-h incubation tended to decrease owing to dietary zinc supplements. Total cellulolytic bacteria, carboxymethyl-cellulase, microcrystalline-cellulase, filter paper-degrading activity, antioxidant capacity, microbial biomass and PF were the same among treatments. Zinc methionine, oxide and sulfate supplements increased OMD, ME, TDS and total VFA, whereas decreased ammonia and acetate:propionate ratio (P<0.05). Also, 24-h methane production decreased with the use of zinc supplements (P<0.05). Overall, the dietary addition of sulfate, oxide and methionine- sources of zinc is recommended with the aim of improving alpha-amylase activity and digestibility and reducing proteolytic activity, ammonia accumulation and methane, but feeding nano-ZnO is not recommended. More research is needed on the effect of zinc sources on rumen microorganisms and enzymes in different dietary conditions.
Zahra Kordpour; Somayyeh Salari
Volume 25, Issue 4 , December 2023, , Pages 461-471
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of using live, autolyzed yeast and their combination on performance, and intestinal histology in Japanese quail, 360 of one-day-old chicks were used. Birds were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. The experimental ...
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In order to investigate the effects of using live, autolyzed yeast and their combination on performance, and intestinal histology in Japanese quail, 360 of one-day-old chicks were used. Birds were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups in a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. The experimental groups included the control group: fed with basal diet without additives, the second group: fed with basal diet containing 0.4% live yeast, the third group: fed with basal diet containing 0.4% autolyzed yeast and the fourth group: fed with basal diet containing 0.2% live yeast and 0.2% autolyzed yeast. The results showed that the addition of autolyzed yeast caused the greatest increase in body weight gain compared to the control and their mixture in the whole period of experiment (P<0.05). The weight of thigh and pancreas as well as the length of duodenum increased significantly in birds fed with autolyzed yeast compared to live yeast and their mixture (P<0.05). The highest height of duodenal villi was observed in birds fed with autolyzed yeast and live yeast compared to the control treatment and their mixture. Birds fed with autolyzed yeast showed a significant decrease in E. coli bacteria and an increase in Lactobacillus bacteria (P<0.05). The results showed that the use of autolyzed yeast as well as live yeast can be useful in feeding Japanese quails due to improving performance, increasing the height of duodenal villi, reducing the microbial population of E. coli and increasing the cecal population of Lactobacillus.
shokoufe ghazanfari; mohammad ahmadpanah; seyed davood sharifi
Volume 23, Issue 4 , January 2022, , Pages 561-571
Abstract
The effects of different sources of copper supplementation on growth performance, some blood biochemical and immune parameters, microbial population of small intestine and meat quality were investigated with using of 240 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates ...
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The effects of different sources of copper supplementation on growth performance, some blood biochemical and immune parameters, microbial population of small intestine and meat quality were investigated with using of 240 male broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates from 1 to 42 days. Treatments consisted of control treatment (basal diet without copper supplement) and four diets containing 16 mg/kg of copper-glycine, copper-sulfate, copper-nanochelate and copper nano-glycinec. The results showed that the use of different sources of copper had no effect on growth performance, some blood biochemical parameters and percentage of heterophil, lymphocyte, white blood cell, antibody titer against Newcastle disease, cholesterol, triglycerides and water holding capacity and pH of meat of broilers. Gastrointestinal relative weight in birds fed with diet containing copper-glycine was lower than the birds receiving copper-nanochelate (P<0.05). The total microbial population of ileum in birds fed diets without copper and copper-sulfate was higher than birds receiving diet containing copper-glycine (P<0.01). Meat malondialdehyde concentration of birds fed with diets containing copper-glycine and copper nano-glycine after 6 day of storage at refrigerator was lower than other birds (P<0.01). According to the results, the use of 16 mg/kg of copper from organic, mineral and nano sources in the diet has no effect on growth performance, immune system and ileal microbiota in broilers, but the use of copper-glycine and copper nano-glycine supplements in the diet reduces the oxidation of meat.
Leila Taherabadi; Farokh Kafilzadeh
Volume 23, Issue 3 , September 2021, , Pages 387-394
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum 92069 (LF) isolated from yogurt on chemical and microbial fermentation and aerobic stability of high moisture corn silage. After propagation and concentration determination LF was used to prepare experimental treatments with ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum 92069 (LF) isolated from yogurt on chemical and microbial fermentation and aerobic stability of high moisture corn silage. After propagation and concentration determination LF was used to prepare experimental treatments with concentrations of zero (control, LF0), 1×106 cfu/g fresh forage (LF1) and 2×106 cfu/g fresh forage (LF2). Three replicates of each treatment were stored in laboratory silos for 90 days. The results showed that the chemical composition of silages (DM, NDF, ADF, CP, WSC) was not affected by addition of LF. LF2 had a significant lower pH compared to the control (P<0.05). LF1 and LF2 silages showed a higher concentration of lactic acid (P<0.05). Concentration of acetic acid increased and mold population decreased in LF2 compared to the other silages (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between population of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in silages. The aerobic stability of LF0 and LF1 silages decreased significantly compared to LF2 (P<0.05). During the aerobic stage after opening the silos, LF2 silage had the lowest pH (P<0.05). However, yeast population of silages during the aerobic stage was not affected by treatment. The results of this study showed that Lactobacillus fermentum 92069 has the potential to be used as a silage inoculant.
jamal mahmoudi; sara mirzaie goudarzi; Abbas Frahavar; Ali asghar Saki; Ali reza Nourian
Volume 21, Issue 3 , September 2019, , Pages 371-380
Abstract
The effect of essential oils blend, probiotic and flavomycin on performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characteristics, cecal microbial population and blood parameters was studied with 288 day-old chickens, Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 42 days of age in a completely randomized design by 4 ...
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The effect of essential oils blend, probiotic and flavomycin on performance, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) characteristics, cecal microbial population and blood parameters was studied with 288 day-old chickens, Ross 308 broilers from 1 to 42 days of age in a completely randomized design by 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 18 chickens in each replication. The experimental treatments were: 1) basal diet as control group (without additive), 2) basal diet + 150 mg/kg essential oils blend, 3) basal diet + 200 mg/kg Gallipro® probiotic, and 4) basal diet + 150 mg/kg flavomycin. The results showed that feed intake was lower in the control group than other treatments (P<0.05). In the whole trial period, the weight gain of chickens fed with the diet containing flavomycin was higher than other birds and had a better feed conversion ratio than control birds or fed with the diet contains probiotic (P<0.05). The effect of treatments was not significant on relative weight of internal organs, pH of the GIT digesta and Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli population in the ceca. The relative weight of the breast was greater in chickens fed with flavomycin than control group or birds that received essential oils blend (P<0.05). There was no difference between treatments in terms of plasma cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride concentrations, but HDL concentration was lower in the plasma of birds receiving flavomycin compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Based on the results of this study, adding essential oils blend to the diet improved performance and can be used as a growth promoter instead of flavomycin in broilers diet.
Mohammad Reza Nehirat; Somayyeh Salari; Mohammad Reza Ghorbani
Volume 21, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 73-86
Abstract
In order to compare the effect of prebiotic and various types of fibers on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was performed with 320 chicks with eight treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were basal diet (corn-soybean meal), basal ...
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In order to compare the effect of prebiotic and various types of fibers on performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was performed with 320 chicks with eight treatments in a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were basal diet (corn-soybean meal), basal diet with prebiotic (Biolex, MB40), and various sources of fiber (wheat bran (WB), soybean hull (SH), and palm kernel meal (PKM)). Different types of fiber and prebiotics were added to the diet at 1.5,3% and 2 g/kg, respectively. The birds that consumed 1.5% of PKM had the best feed conversion ratio compared to the other treatments except 3% of PKM and control diet (P<0.05). Abdominal fat pad significantly decreased in birds that consumed various types of fiber compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Apparent ileal digestibility of organic matter and crude protein increased in birds that consumed 3% palm kernel meal (P<0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility of ether extract decreased in birds that consumed PKM compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Dietary inclusion of various types of fiber caused a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides compared to the control diet (P<0.05). The results showed that dietary inclusion of PKM improved performance, decreased abdominal fat pad and E.coli and coliform population of cecum and increased digestability of crude protein and population of Lactobacillus of cecum in broiler chickens.
vahed Ghasemloo; sayed abdoullah hosseini; hushang Lotfolahian
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2017, , Pages 467-478
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of encapsulated oregano oil on microbial population, morphology, length and weight of different parts of digestive tract of Aryan broiler chicks. A total of 625 Arian broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized trail with 5 treatments and 5 ...
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The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of encapsulated oregano oil on microbial population, morphology, length and weight of different parts of digestive tract of Aryan broiler chicks. A total of 625 Arian broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized trail with 5 treatments and 5 replicates at the age of 1 to 42 days. Treatments were including: 1- basal diet (negative control), 2- basal diet+probiotic (0.1 g Protexin/kg), 3- basal diet+antibiotic (0.15g Avilamycin/kg), 4- basal diet+oregano oil (0.2 g/kg) and 5- basal diet+encapsulated oregano oil (1 g/kg). The results showed that broiler performance at the end of 42 days were not affected by treatments (p<0.05). The highest lactobacillillus colony numbers were observed in encapsulated oregano oil. The length of duodenum in probiotics group were lower than others groups (p<0.05). The length and weight of other parts of digestive tract except ileum weight were not affected by dietary treatments (p>0.05). Finally, according to result of intestinal microbial count, it seems that encapsulated oregano essential oil can improve the intestine microbial population and bird's health.
Farzad Bagherzadeh Kasmani; Samira Omidikia; Hamid Reza Mirzaie; Mehran Mehri
Volume 16, Issue 2 , October 2015, , Pages 103-111
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Salvia mirzayanii supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs and cecal microbial population in broilers. A total of 200, one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were fed five experimental diets containing different ...
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Salvia mirzayanii supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, internal organs and cecal microbial population in broilers. A total of 200, one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were fed five experimental diets containing different levels of S. mirzayanii (zero, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and one percent of diet) until 42 days of age. From 1-21 days of age, birds fed one percent S. mirzayanii) had lower body weight gain and feed intake and higher feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Regarding 22-42 days of age and whole of experiment (1-42), feed conversion ratio in birds fed diet containing 0.5 percent S. mirzayanii significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared with control group. Relative carcass and breast muscle weights of birds fed one percent S. mirzayanii were lower than other groups (P<0.05). Using S. mirzayanii at the levels of 0.25 and 0.5 percent significantly increased cecal lactic acid bacterial population (P<0.05). Feeding with the levels higher than 0.5 percent S. mirzayanii decreased cecal coliforms compared with control group (P<0.05). Based on results of this experiment, using 0.5 percent S. mirzayanii leaf powder in diet of broilers would improve cecal microbial population as well as growth performance.