The effect of Lemon (Citrus aurantifulial) pulp Ethanolic extract on performance, immune system and blood parameters of broiler chickens

Khajavi, Mokhtar; Naghiha, Reza

doi:10.22059/jap.2018.228094.623164

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

null

https://doi.org/10.22059/jap.2018.228094.623164

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding Ethanolic lemon pulp extract (ELPE) to drinking water of broiler chickens on performance, immune system and blood serum parameters. We used 450 male and female day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) allocated in a completely randomized design with five treatments, five replications and 18 chicks per each. Treatments include no ELPE (control), 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 percent ELPE in drinking water from 2d until the end of experiment. Adding ELPE to drinking water did not have any effect on feed intake, average daily gain and Feed conversion ratio. The highest amount of IgM and the lowest amount of IgY belonged to group that fed 1.6 percent ELPE. ELPE treatments significantly increased response to Phytohemagglutinin-M (PHA-M) injection compared to control group. The levels of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein were significantly lower in 0.8 and 1.6 percent ELPE treatments compared to other groups (P<%5). For treatment with 1.2% of ELPE, the highest levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins were observed, which was significantly higher than other treatments (P<%5).Considering to reducing effects of 0.8 and 1.6 % extract treatments on blood parameters such as triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoproteins compared to control, these two levels are recommended.

Keywords

20.1001.1.20096776.1396.19.4.13.5

References

ربانی م و محزونیه م ر (1383) ایمنی شناسی دامپزشکی. چاپ اول، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. 1181.

2. صمدیان ف (1392) اثرات برخی اسانس‌های گیاهی بر عملکرد رشد و ایمنی، کیفیت گوشت، ریخت شناسی بافت روده و سندرم آسیت در جوجه‌های گوشتی. پایان نامه درجه دکتری. دانشگاه تهران.

3. صمصام شریعت ه (1371) عصاره‌گیری و استخراج مواد مؤثره گیاهان دارویی و روش‌های شناسایی و ارزیابی آن‌ها. چاپ اول، انتشارت فانی، اصفهان. 14-16.

4. قدرتی ا و فرهمند پ (1392) ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف پودر لیموترش (Citrus Lemon Burm) و مقایسه آن با آنتی‌بیوتیک آویلامایسین بر لیپیدهای سرمی و چربی محوطه بطنی جوجه‌های گوشتی. مجله دانش و پژوهش علوم دام. 13: 110-99.

5. مهرآبادی م، زنگی آبادی م و صادقی رونیزی ب (1387) کاربرد ضایعات کارخانجات آبلیوسازی بر عملکرد و بهبود سلامت جوجه‌های گوشتی. سومین همایش یافته‌های پژوهشی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. سنندج دانشگاه کردستان.

6. نوبخت ع (1392) تاثیرات استفاده از سطوح گوناگون تفاله‌ی لیموترش خشک بر عملکرد و متابولیت‌های خون مرغ‌های تخمگذار مسن با جیره‌های بر پایه ذرت. نشریه علوم دامی ایران. 4(44): 404-397.

7. Alcicek A, Bozkurt M and Cabuk M )2004( The effect of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in turkey and broiler. South African Journal of Animal Science, 33: 89-94.

8. Botsoglou NA, Christaki E, Florou-Paneri P, Giannenas I, Papageorgiou G and Spais AB )2004 (The effect of a mixture of herbal essential oils or alpha-tocopheryl acetate on performance parameters and oxidation of body lipid in broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34: 52-61.

9. Chou SH, Chung TK and Yu B (2009) Effects of supplemental 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on growth performance, small intestinal morphology and immune response of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 88: 2333-2341.

10. Demonty I, Lin Y, Zebregs EMP and Mario A (2010) The Citrus flavonoids hesperidin and naringin do not affect serum cholesterol in moderately hypercholesterolemic men and women1–3. The Journal of Nutrition, 140: 1615-1620.

11. Garcia-Alonso J, Ros J, Vidal-Guevara ML, Jesu M and Periago S (2006) Acute intake of phenolic-rich juice improves antioxidant status in healthy subjects. Journal of Nutrition, 26: 330-390.

12. Grasman KA )2010( In vivo functional test for assessing immunotoxicity in birds. Immunotoxicity testing: Methods and protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology. Humana Press Product, 98: 387-397.

13. Hardin A, Crandall PG and Stankus T (2010) Essential Oils and Antioxidants Derived From Citrus By-Products in Food Protection and Medicine: An Introduction and Review of Recent Literature. Journal of Agricultural and Food Information, 11: 99-122.

14. Hood RL, Bailey WM and Svoronos D (1978) The effect of dietary monoterpenes on the cholesterol level of eggs. Poultry science, 57: 304-306.

15. Jamroz D, Wertelecki T and Houszkaandc M )2006( Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characterics or the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 90: 255-268.

16. Kamboh AA and Zhu WY (2013) Effect of increasing levels of bioflavonoids in broiler feed on plasma anti-oxidative potential, lipid metabolites, and fatty acid composition of meat. Poultry Science, 92:454-461.

17. Marin FR, Soler-Rivas F, Benavente-Garcia O, Castillo J and Perez-Alvarez JA (2007) By-products from different citrus processes as a source of customized functional fibres. Food Chemistry, 100 (2): 736-741.

18. Nair MP , Kandaswami C, Mahajan S, Chadha KC ,Chawda R ,Nair H, Kumar N, Nair RE and Schwartz SA (2002) The flavonoid, quercetin, differentially regulates Th-1 (IFN gamma) and Th-2 (IL4) cytokine gene expression by normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 16: 29-36.

19. Nazic A ,Rezaei M and Sayyhazadeh H (2010) Effect of different levels of dried citrus pulp on performance, egg quality, and blood parameters of laying hens in early phase of production. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42: 737-742.

20. Nobakht A) 2013( Evaluation the effects of different levels of dried lemon (Citrus aurantifulia) pulp on performance of broilers and laying hens. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4 (4): 882- 888.

21. Ojabo LD, Adenkola AY and Odaudu GI (2012) The effect of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinesis) fruit peel meal on the growth performance and hematology of rabbits. Veterinary Research, 5 (2): 26-30.

22. Peterson AL, Qureshi MA ,Ferket PR and Jr Fuller JC (1999) Enhancement of cellular and humoral immunity in young broilers by the dietary supplement ration of -hydroxy- -methylbutyrate. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 21: 307-330.

23. Sakine Y ,Ebru E, Reisli Z and Suzan Y )2006( Effect of Garlic Powder on the Performance, Egg Trais and Blood Parameters of Laying hens. Journal of Food Science, 86: 1336-1339.

24. Schroder H (2007) Protective mechanisms of the Mediterranean diet in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 18: 149-160.

25. Zhu QY, Huang Y and Chen ZY (2000) Interaction between flavonoids and α-tocopherol in human Low Density Lipoprotein. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 11: 14-21.

Animal Production

The effect of Lemon (Citrus aurantifulial) pulp Ethanolic extract on performance, immune system and blood parameters of broiler chickens

References

References

Volume 19, Issue 4
March 2018
Pages 905-916

The effect of Lemon (Citrus aurantifulial) pulp Ethanolic extract on performance, immune system and blood parameters of broiler chickens

References

References

Volume 19, Issue 4March 2018Pages 905-916

Volume 19, Issue 4
March 2018
Pages 905-916