Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
دانشجو
Abstract
The effects of seeds and whole plant powder and extract of Milk thistle (MT) plant in reducing the negative effects of feeding 500 ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on broiler chickens performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters were examined using 192 one-day old chick (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates and 8 birds per repetition. The experimental treatments included: 1) control, 2) contaminated control (CC), 3) CC + 0.5 percent of MT seed powder, 4) CC + 1 percent MT plant powder, 5) CC + 600mg/kg MT plant extract, 6) CC + 1000mg/kg MT plant extract. Results indicated that feeding contaminated diet reduced body weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio and alanine aminotransferase enzyme compared with control in whole experimental period (P≤0.05). The inclusion of 1 percent MT plant powder to the contaminated diets improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio in 1-7, 7-21 days and whole experimental period (1-35 days) compared to the contaminated control (P≤0.05). The addition of 0.5 percent MT seed powder, 1 percent MT plant powder and 1000mg/kg MT plant extract to the contaminated diets decreased alanine aminotransferase enzyme (at 35d) compared to the contaminated control (P≤0.05). It was concluded that compared to other treatments, one percent MT plant powder was more effective in reducing the negative effects of feeding AFB1 in broiler chickens.
Keywords
- Abascal K and Yarnell E (2003) The many faces of Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle). Alternative and Complementary Therapie. pp: 170-175.
- Allameh E and Razzaghi Abyaneh (2001) Mycotoxins. First Edition, Imam Hossein University Press. (IN Persian)
- Amiri dumari H, Sarir H, Fani makki O and Afzali N (2013) Effects of milk thistle seed against aflatoxin B1 in broiler model. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 18(9): 786-790.
- Campbell MLJ, May JD, Huff WE and Doerr JA (1983) Evaluation of immunity of young broilers chickens during simultaneous aflatoxicosis and ochratoxicosis. Poultry Science. 62(11): 2144-2183.
- Chen X, Naehrer K and Applegate TJ (2016) Interactive effects of dietary protein concentration and aflatoxin B1 on performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in broiler chicks. Poultry Science. 95:1312–1325.
- Cross DE, Mcdevitt RM, Hillman K and Acamovic T (2007) The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. British Poultry Science. 48(4): 496 -506.
- Daneshyar F, Afzali N and Farhangfar H (2014) Effects of different levels of date pits in broilers’ feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on broilers’ performance and carcass characteristic. African Journal of Biotechnology. 13(1): 185-193.
- Fani Makki o, Afzali N and Omidi A (2013) Effect of Different Levels of Silymarin (Silybum marianum) on Growth Rate, Carcass Variables and Liver Morphology of Broiler Chickens Contaminated with Aflatoxin B1. Poultry Science Journal. 1(2): 105-116.
- Foster S and Tyler VE (2003) Tyler’s Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. New York Haworth Herbal Press. pp: 5-253.
- Gowda SK and Sastry VRB (2000) Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed cake in animal feeding-scope and limitation-Review. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 13(5): 720-728.
- Kalorey DR, kurkure NV, Ramgaonkar IS Sakhare PS Warke S and Nigot NK (2005) Effect of polyherbal feed supplement "Growell" during induced aflatoxicosis, ochratoxicosis and combined mycotoxicbses in broilers. Poultry Science. 65(12): 2239-2245.
- Kordi H, Aghdasi M and Khalafi M (2013) An investigation on flavonolignans in different organs of Silybium marianum L. in Gorgan region. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 29(3): 651-775. (IN Persian)
- Lang L, Nekam K and Gonzalez-Cabello R (1990) Hepatoprotective and immunological effects of antioxidant drugs. The Torkai Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 15(2-3): 123-127.
- Miazzo R, Peralta MF, Rosa CAR and Dalcero A (2005) Efficiency of sodium bentonite as a detoxifier of broiler feed contaminated with aflatoxin and fumunisin. Poultry Science. 84(1): 1-8.
- NRC (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Rev. Ed., National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA. P. 74.
- Phalah Hossini H, Yazdani V, Amin G and Maki Zadeh Tafti M (2004) View the anticancer effects of milk thistle. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 4: 46-54. (IN Persian)
- Rosa CAR, Miazzo R, Magnoli C, Salvano M, Chiacchiera SM, Ferrero S, Saenz M, Carvallho ECQ and Dalcero A (2001) Evaluation of the efficacy of bentonite from the south of argentina to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers. Poultry Science. 80(2): 139-144.
- Shotwell OL, Hesseltine CW, Stubblefield RD and Sorenson WG (1966) Production of aflatoxin on rice. Applied Microbiology. 14(3): 8-425.
- Smith BP (2002) Large Animal Internal Medicine. 3rd ed, Mosby Harcourt, St. Louis, MO. pp: 1627–1637.
- Tedesco D, Steidler S, Galletti S, Tameni M, Sanzogni O and Ravarotto L (2004) Efficacy of a silymarinephospholipid complex in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in broiler chicks. Poultry Science. 83(11): 1839-1843.
- Vogel G, Tuchweber B, Trost W and Mengs U (1984) Protein by silibinin against Amanita phalloides intoxication in Beagles. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 73(3): 355-362.
- Wilasrusmee C, Kittur S, Shah G, Siddiqui J, Bruch D, Wilasrusmee S and Kittur DS (2002) Immunostimulatory effect of Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle) extract. Medical Science Monitor. 8(11): 439- 443.
- Williams P and Losa R (2001) The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition. Journal of World Poultry Science. 17(4): 14-15.
- Yunus AW, Razzazi-Fazeli E and Bohm J (2011) Aflatoxin B1 in Affecting Broiler’s Performance, Immunity, and Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of History and Contemporary Issues. Toxins. 3(6): 566-590.
- Zeyaye E, Phalah Hossini H, Rajabian T, Pour Hosseini L, Naghdi Badi H and Rezazadeh S (2004) Investigating the effect of different solvents on the extraction of silymarin from milk thistle seeds. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 4: 7-12. (In Persian)
)