Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Animal Science Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz Uni
2 Graduate Student in Animal Science Department, Shiraz Uni, Shiraz, Iran
3 Graduate Student in Animal Science Department, Birjand Uni, Birjand, Iran
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of malt extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cecum microbial population of broilers in grower, finisher, and whole periods. For this experiment, 256 pieces of mixed female and male day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 8 replications, and 8 birds per replicate from 14 to 49 days of age. Experimental treatments included a basal diet without additive (control) and a basal diet containing levels of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 percent malt extract. The effect of treatments on growth performance, intestinal length and weight, nutrient digestibility, and the number of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus in cecum were measured. The results showed that in grower, finisher, and whole periods, the addition of malt extract at the level of 0.3 percent, without affecting feed intake, produced the highest daily weight gain and lowest feed conversion ratio compared to other treatments (P≤0.05). Also, the diet containing 0.3 percent of malt extract improved the digestibility of dry matter, protein, and fat and decreased the number of Escherichia coli in the cecum (P≤0.05). According to the results, 0.3 percent malt extract can be used in the diet of broilers to improve the performance and health of gastrointestinal tract.
Keywords
- AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical chemist, USA,
- Clarke M, Ward M, Strain JJ, Hoey L, Dickey W and McNulty H (2014). B-vitamins and bone in health and disease: the current evidence. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 73: 330-339.
- Engering AJ, Cella M, Fluitsma D, Brockhaus M, Hoefsmit E, Lanzavecchia A and Pieters J (1997). The mannose receptor functions as a high capacity and broad specificity antigen receptor in human dendritic cells. European Journal of Immunology, 27: 2417-2425.
- Ferket PR, Parks CW and Grimes JL (2002). Benefits of dietary antibiotic and mannanoligosaccharide supplementation for poultry. North Carolina State University, USA, Carolina.
- Ferreira SR, Murakami AE, Silveira TGV, Santos J and Fernandes J (2011). Performance and macrophage activity of broilers fed with a sorghum meal with different yeast wall levels. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 54: 363-370.
- Forder R, Howarth GS, Tivey DR and Hughes RJ (2007). Bacterial modulation of small intestinal goblet cells and mucin composition during early posthatch development of poultry. Poultry Science, 86: 2396-2403.
- Gao J, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Yu SH, Yoon I, Moore D and Qi GH (2009). Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on immune functions of broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella. Poultry Science, 88: 2141-2151.
- Gomez-Verduzco G, Cortes-Cuevas A, López-Coello C, Ávila-González E and Nava G (2009). Dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide enhances neonatal immune responses in chickens during natural exposure to Eimeria Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 51: 1-11.
- Gunn JS (2000). Mechanisms of bacterial resistance and response to bile. Microbes and Infection, 2: 907-913.
- Huff GR, Huff WE, Rath N and Tellez G (2006). Limited treatment with β-1, 3/1, 6-glucan improves production values of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli. Poultry Science, 85: 613-618.
- Jang SI, Jun MH, Lillehoj HS, Dalloul RA, Kong IK, Kim S and Min W (2007). Anticoccidial effect of green tea-based diets against Eimeria maxima. Veterinary Parasitology, 144: 172-175.
- Liu Q and Yao H (2007). Antioxidant activities of barley seeds extracts. Food Chemistry, 102: 732-737.
- Lowry VK, Farnell MB, Ferro PJ, Swaggerty CL, Bahl A and Kogut MH (2005). Purified β-glucan as an abiotic feed additive up-regulates the innate immune response in immature chickens against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 98: 309-318.
- Maillard MN, Soum MH, Boivin P and Berset C (1996). Antioxidant activity of barley and malt: relationship with phenolic content. Food Science and Technology, 29: 238-244.
- Maldonado-Valderrama J, Wilde P, Macierzanka A and Mackie A (2011). The role of bile salts in digestion. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 165: 36-46.
- McLean RR and Hannan MT (2007). B vitamins, homocysteine, and bone disease: epidemiology and pathophysiology. Current Osteoporosis Reports, 5: 112-119.
- Merritt ME and Donaldson JR (2009). Effect of bile salts on the DNA and membrane integrity of enteric bacteria. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 58: 1533-1541.
- Qingming Y, Xianhui P, Weibao K, Hong Y, Yidan S, Li Z and Guoan L (2010). Antioxidant activities of malt extract from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) toward various oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Food Chemistry, 118: 84-89.
- Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B and Carter GR (1994). Enterobacteriaceae. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, 209: 36-43.
- Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ and Paganga G (1996). Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 20: 933-956.
- SAS Institute, (1998). User's Guide: Statistics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
- Sedghi M and Akbari Moghaddam R (2018). Effects of dietary supplementation of barley malt extract and malt vinegar on growth performance, jejunal morphology and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poultry Science Journal, 6(2): 129-137.
- Smirnov A, Tako E, Ferket PR and Uni Z (2006). Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by in ovo feeding of carbohydrates. Poultry Science, 85: 669-673
- Swart KM, van Schoor NM and Lips P (2013). Vitamin B12, folic acid, and bone. Current Osteoporosis Reports, 11(3): 213-218.
)