Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Animal Science Research Department, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Qazvin, Iran
2 General Veterinary Administration of Qazvin, Iran Veterinary Organization, Qazvin, Iran
3 Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of dill powder on growth performance, hormonal immune system and cecal microbial population of broiler chickens using 420 mail broiler Ross 308 strain in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The treatments were including control diet, diets containing 0.2, 0.5 and 1 percent dill powder and a diet that contained 200 mg/kg flavomycin antibiotic. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio were higher in chickens fed with flavomycin and dill powder at the levels of 0.5 and 1% in diet (P<0.05). Abdominal fat was lower in birds received 1% dill powder than those administrated by antibiotic and control group (P<0.05). The Escherichia coli and lactobacilli count in birds fed dill powder containing diets were lower and higher than birds fed control and antibiotic containing diets, respectively (P<0.05). Second antibody titer against SRBC was higher in birds fed by 1% dill powder in diet compared to birds fed the control diet (P<0.05). In challenge with NDV and influenza viruses, birds fed dill powder had higher antibody titer compared to those fed control and antibiotic containing diet (P<0.05). According to results of the present experiment, using 0.5 or 1% dill powder in diet improves performance, immune responses and intestinal microbial environment of broiler chickens and can be used as a good replacement for antibiotic growth promoters.
Keywords
potential of Anethum graveolens ,Foeniculum
vulgre and Trachyspermum ammi belonging to
the family umbelliferae -current status. Journal
of Medicinal Plants Research, 2: 87-94.
2. Asadi Firoozabadi Sh and Taherpour K (2014)
Effects of menha mozaffarianii Jamzad, dill
and mannan-oligosaccharide on performance,
carcass characteristics and bilood
hrmatological and biochemical parameters of
broiler chickens. Animal Production Research,
3(2): 39-50. (In Persian)
3. Badar N, Arshad M and Farooq U (2008).
Characteristics of Anethum graveolens
(Umbelliferae) seed oil: Extraction,
composition and antimicrobial activity.
International Journal of Agriculture and
Biology, 10(3): 329-332.
4. Bahadori MM, Irani M, Ansari Pirsaraei Z and
Koochaksaraie RR (2013) The Effects of dill
powder in diet on some blood metabolites,
carcass characteristics and broiler performance.
Global Veterinaria, 10: 500-504.
5. Bendich A (1993) Physiological role of
antioxidants in the immune system. Journal of
Dairy Science, 76(9): 2789-2794.
6. Delaquis K, Pascal Y, Stanich B and Girard G
M (2002) Antimicrobial activity of individual
and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander
and eucalyptus essential oils. Food
Microbiology, 74: 101-109.
7. Djilani A, and Dicko A (2012) The therapeutic
benefits of essential oils. In: Bouayed J and
Bohn T (Eds), Nutrition, Well-Being and
Health. InTech, Croatia, pp: 155-178.
8. Fairchild AS, Grimes JL, Jones FT, Wineland
MJ, Edens FW and Sefton AE (2001) Effects
of hen age, Bio-Mos and flavomycin on poult
susceptibility to oral escherichia coli challenge.
Poultry Science, 80(5): 562-571.
9. Ganguly S (2013) Biological potency of
various plant derived feed supplements and
additives in poultry feed-A Review. Asian
Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Research, 1(1): 56-57.
MD and Madrid J (2007) Effect of formic acid
and plant extracts on growth, nutrient
digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and
meat yield of broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry
Research, 16: 555-562.
11. Ghaderi S, Flahati HosseinAbad A, Sarailoo
MH and Ghanbari V (2012) Investigation of
components and antibacterial effects of three
plants essential oil Coriandrum sativum,
Achillea millefolium, anethum graveolens in
vitro. Journal of Shahrekord University of
Medical Sciences, 14(5): 74-82. (In Persian)
12. Hang J, Yang D, Gao S and Wang T (2008)
Effects of soy-lecithin on lipid metabolism and
hepztic expression of lipogenic genes in broiler
chickens. Livestock Science, 118(1): 53-60.
13. Ibrahim SAM (2005) Effect of some medical
plants as feed additives on growth and some
metabolic changes in rabbits. Egyptian Journal
of Nutrition and Feeds, 8: 207-219.
14. Isakov N, Feldmann M and Segel S (2005) The
mechanism of modulation of humeral immune
responses after injection of mice with SRBC.
Immunology, 128: 969-975.
15. Jang IS, Ko YH, Kong, SY and Lee CY (2007)
Effect of a commercial essential oil on growth
performance, digestive enzyme activity and
intestal microflora population in broiler
chickens. Journal of Animal Feed Science and
Technology, 134: 304-315.
16. Kalavathy R, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S and Yw
H (2003) Effect of lactobacillus culture on
growth performance, abdominal fat deposition,
serum lipid and weight of organs of broiler
chickens. British Poultry Science, 44: 139-144.
17. Kedzia B, Jankowiak J, Holonska, J and
Krzyzaniak M (1998) Investigation of essential
oils and components with immunostimulating
activity. Herba Polonica, 44: 126-135.
18. Lee KW, Everts H and Beynen AC (2004)
Essential oils in broiler nutrition. Internatioal
Journal of Poultry Science, 3: 738-752.
19. Mailes RD, Butcher GC, Henry PR and Litllell
RC (2006) Effect of antibiotic growth
performance on broiler performance intestinal
growth parameters and quantitative
morphology. Poultry Science, 85(3): 476-485.
20. Mirzavand M, Rahimi Sh and Sahari MA
(2015) Evaluation the effects of mit, parsley,
dill, coriander, garlic and basil on broiler
performance, blood factors, immune system,
intestinal morphology and taste of meat.
Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic
Plants, 31(3): 446-459. (In Persian)
21. NRC (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry.
National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
22. Raphael TJ and Kuttan G (2003)
Immunomodulatory activity of naturally
occurring monoterpenes carvone, limonene,
and perillic acid. Immunopharmacology and
Immunotoxicology, 25(2): 285-294.
23. Ritz CW, Hulet RM, Self BB and Denbow DM
(1995) Growth and intestinal morphology of
male turkeys as influenced by dietary
supplementation of amylase and xylanase.
Poultry Science, 74(8): 1329-1334.
24. Santoso U, Tanaka K and Ohtani S (1995)
Effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on
growth, body composition and hepatic enzyme
activity in female broiler chicks. British
Journal of Nutrition, 74: 523-529.
25. SAS Institute (2008) SAS Userʼs Guide.
Version 9.2 Statistical Analysis Systems
Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
26. Sharifi SD, Dibamehr A, Lotfollahian H and
Baurhoo B (2012). Effects of flavomycin and
probiotic supplementation to diets containing
different sources of fat on growth performance,
intestinal morphology, apparent metabolizable
energy, and fat digestibility in broiler chickens.
Poultry Science, 91(4): 918-927.
27. Singh G, Maurya S, Lampasona MD and
Catalan C (2005) Chemical constituents,
antimicrobial investigations, and antioxidative
potentials of Anethum graveolens L. Essential
oil and acetone extract: Part 52. Journal of
Food Science, 70(4):208-215.
28. Stavri M and Gibbons S (2005) The
antimycobacterial constituents of dill (Anethum
graveolens). Phytotherapy Research, 19(11):
938-941.
29. Valadi A, Nasri S, Abbasi N and Amin G
(2010) Anti nociceptive and anti-inflammatory
effects of hydroalchoholic extract of Anethum
graveolens L. Seed. Journal of Medicinal
Plants, 2(34): 124-130.
30. Wang, Q and Cui J (2011) Perspectives and
utilization technologies of chicory (Cichorium
intybus L.): A review. African Journal of
Biotechnology, 10(11): 1966-1977.
)