نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی تهران - تخصص: تغذیه/ مدیریت پرورش
2 هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
3 موسسه تحقیقات علوم دامی، تخصص: تغذیه طیور
4 گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه کشاورزی ساری
چکیده
بهمنظور تعیین اثر منابع مختلف عناصر منگنز، روی و مس (سولفات، آلی خارجی و آلی داخلی) و سطوح (100 و 50 درصد نیاز) بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی، آزمایشی با استفاده از 480 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه کاب 500، در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بهروش فاکتوریل 2×3 انجام شد. وزن زنده و خوراک مصرفی بهصورت هفتگی اندازهگیری و ضریب تبدیل محاسبه شد. در پایان دوره، خونگیری از جوجهها انجام و عیار تولید پادتن علیه گلبول قرمز گوسفندی، پاسخ به ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل و شمارش تفریقی گلبولهای سفید اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد نوع منبع مواد معدنی تأثیری بر عملکرد رشد جوجه گوشتی نداشت. اثر نوع مکمل معدنیمنگنز، روی و مس بر درصد ماندگاری معنیدار بود (05/0 P<) و تیمارهای نوع آلی داخلی و خارجی بیشترین ماندگاری را داشتند. نوع آلی داخلی منگنز، روی و مس سبب پاسخ بیشتری به تیتر آنتیبادی علیه گلبول قرمز گوسفند شد (05/0 P<). علاوه بر این سطح 100 درصد نیاز این عناصر سبب افزایش وزن زنده (05/0 P<)، شاخص کارایی (05/0 P<) و بهبود ضریب تبدیل (05/0 P<) شد. پرندگان تغذیهشده به مقدار 50 درصد نیاز مکمل معدنی واکنش بیشتری به عیار پادتن علیه گلبول قرمز گوسفند نشان دادند (05/0 P<). براساس نتایج این تحقیق، شکل آلی سه عنصر منگنز، روی و مس تولیدشده در ایران، میتواند بهصورت همزمان احتیاجات جوجههای گوشتی به این عناصر را تأمین نموده و جایگزین شکل سولفات و آلی خارجی شود. علاوه بر این، سطح 100 درصد نیاز عناصر منگنز، روی و مس، بدون در نظر گرفتن منبع، برای عملکرد رشد و سطح 50 درصد نیاز برای عملکرد بهتر سیستم ایمنی توصیه میشوند.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of different forms of manganese, zinc and copper on performance, carcass characteristics and immune response broilers
نویسندگان [English]
- mehrdad nafisi 1
- Mansour Rezaei 2
- sayed abdoullah hosseini 3
- mohamad kazemifard 4
1 institute
2 university
3 Animal Sceince Reaserch Institute
4 university
چکیده [English]
In order to determine effect of various sources of manganese, zinc and copper (Sulfate, foreign and Internal organic) and requirement levels (100, 50% requirement) on performance and immune response of broilers, an expriment was conducted using 480 commercial CAB 500 hybrid broilers in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with completely randomized design. During the experiment, live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. At the end of the experiment, blood sampling was done and total antibody titer against sheep's red blood cell (SRBC), antibody titer against Newcastle Disease virus (ND) and differential count of white blood cells (WBC) were measured. The results showed that mineral sources did not affect the performance of broilers. The sources of minerals had a significant effect on livability percentage (P<0.05) and the highest livability was observed for organic (foreign and local) treatments. Usage of local organic manganese, zinc and copper caused a better response to sheep's red blood cell (SRBC) (P<0.05) relative to foreign form. Moreover, there was significant difference among the treatments in terms of weight (P<0.05), feed conversion (P<0.05) and production index (P<0.05) and treatment with 100% requirement level had maximum impact. The birds fed with 50 % requirement showed a better response to SRBC (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment, the organic forms of the three manganese, zinc and copper produced in Iran can simultaneously, meet the needs of broilers and can be replaced with inorganic and the foreign sources. In addition, the 100 % requirement level of manganese, zinc and copper, regardless of source, is recommended to achieve the maximum growth performance and 50 % requirement level is recommended for better immune function.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- broiler
- immune response
- Inorganic mineral
- Organic mineral
- performance
- Brooks MA, Grimes JL, Lloyd1 KE, Valdez F and Spears JW (2012) Relative bioavailability in chicks of manganese from manganese propionate Journal Appl Poultry Research 21: 126-130.
- Burin Junior, AM, Fernandes NLM, Fireman ASA, Horn D, Fernandes JIM (2018) Arginine and manganese supplementation on the immune competence of broilers immune stimulated with vaccine against Salmonella Enteritidis. Poultry Science .Desamber 28.
- Chesters JK (1997) Zinc. In: Hndbook of Nutritionally Essential Mineral Elements, pp. 185-230 (BL O'Delland RA Su nde, editors). New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
- Choct M (2006) Enzymes for the feed industry: past, present and future. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 62: 5-16.
- Coa J, Henry PR, Guo R, Holwerda RA, Toth JP, Littell RC, Miles RD and Ammerrman CB (2000) Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of supplemental organic zinc sources for poultry and ruminants. Journal of Animal Science, 78(8): 2039-2054.
- Conly AK, Poureslami R, Koutsos EA, Batal A, Jung B, Beckstead R and Peterson DG (2012) Tolerance and efficacy of tribasic manganese chloride in growing broiler chickens. Poultry Science 91: 1633-1640.
- Djoko KY, Ong CY, Walker MJ and. McEwan AG (2015) The Role of Copper and Zinc Toxicity in Innate Immune Defense against Bacterial Pathogens. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 290(31), 18954-18961.
- Edwards HM and Baker DH (1999) Bioavailability of zinc in several sources of zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, and zinc metal. Journal of Animal Science 77: 2730-2735.
- Ezzati MS, Bozogmehrifard MH, Bijanzad P, Rasoulinezhad S, Moomivand H, Faramarzi S, Ghaedi A, Ghabel H and Stabraghi E (2013) Effects of different levels of zinc supplementaltion on broilers performance and immunity response to Newcastle disease vaccine. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3(5): 497-501.
- Feng J, Ma WQ, Niu HH, Wu XM and Wang Y (2010) Effect of zinc glaycine chelate on growth, hematological and immunological characteristics in broilers. Biology Trace Elementry Res. 133: 203-211.
- Hansen SL, Spears JW (2009) Bioaccessibility of iron from soil is increased by silage fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science. 92: 2829-2905.
- Hussein HA, Staufenbiel R (2012) Variations in copper concentration and ceruloplasmin activity of dairy cows in relation to lactation stages with regard to cerulo-plasmin to copper ratios. Biological Trace Element Research 146(1): 47-52.
- Jarosz L, Marek A, Gradzki Z, Kwiecien M, Zylinska B, Kaczmarek B (2017) Effect of feed supplementation with zinc glycine chelate and zinc sulfate on cytokine and immunoglobulin gene expression profiles in chicken intestinal tissue. Poult Sci. 2017 Dec 1; 96(12): 4224-4235.
- Ji F, Luo XG, Lu L, Liu B and Yu SX (2006) Effect of Manganese Source on Manganese Absorption by the Intestine of Broilers. Poultry Science 85:1947-1952.
- Karbasi A and Bayati A (2002) Environmental Geochemistry. published Kavoshe Ghalam. 45-49.
- 16.Kidd MT (2004) Nutritional modulation of immune function in broilers. Poultry Science 83: 650-657.
- Kwiecien M, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Zawisilak K, and Sroka S (2014) Effect of copper glycinate chelate on biomechanical, morphometric and chemical properties of chicken femur. Annals of Animals Science 14: 127-135.
- Ma W, Niu H, Feng J, Wang Y and. Feng J (2011) Effects of zinc glycine chelate on oxidative stress, contents of trace elements, and intestinal morphology in broilers. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 142:546– 556.
- Manangi M.K, Vazquez-Anon M, Richard JD, Carter S, and Buresh RE (2012) Impact of feeding lower levels of chelated trace minerals versus industry levels of inorganic trace minerals on broiler performance, yield, footpad health, and litter mineral concentration. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 21: 881–890.
- McDonald RS (2005) The Role of Zinc in Growth and Cell Proliferation. Journal Nutrition Nutritional siences pogram,University of Missouri. Columbia. MO. 65211.
- Mwangi S, Timmons J, Ao T, Paul M, Macalintal L, Pescatore A, Cantor A, Ford M and Dawson KA (2017) Effect of zinc imprinting and replacing inorganic zinc with organic zinc on early performance of broiler chicks. Poultry Science. 96:861–868.
- Oviedo-Rondon EO, Leandro NM, Ali R, Koci M, Moraes V and Brake J (2013) Broiler breeder feeding programs and trace minerals on maternal antibody transfer and broiler humoral immune response1. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 22:499-510.
- Shamsudeen P and Shrivastava HP (2013) Biointeraction of chelated and inorganic copper with aflatoxin on growth performance of broiler. International Journal of Veterinary Science 2:106-110.
- Sirri F, Maiorana G, Tavaniello S, Chen j, Petracci M and Meluzzi A (2016) Effect of different levels of dietary zinc, manganese, and copper from organic or inorganic sources on performance, bacterial chondronecrosis, intramuscular collagen characteristics and occurrence of meat quality defects of broiler chickens. Poultry Science 95(8):1813-1824.
- Sunder Gajura S, Panda A, Gopinath N, Rao SR, Raju M, Reddy M and Kummer CV (2008) Effects of higher levels of zinc supplementation on performance, mineral availability, and immune competence in broiler chickens. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 17(1).79-86.
- Thornton SA, corzo A, Pharr GT, Dozier WA, Miles DM. and Kidd MT (2006) Valine requirements for immune and growth responses in broilers from 3 to 6 weeks of age. British Poultry Science 47: 190-199.
- White C, Lee J, Kambe T, Fritsche K, and Petris MJ (2009) A role for the ATP7A copper-transporting ATPase in macrophage bactericidal activity.J. Biol. Chem. 284, 33949-33956.