mansour Dehghani; Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Mohammad Ali Norouzian
Volume 23, Issue 2 , Summer 2021, , Pages 191-200
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea treatment of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse on chemical composition, lag time and ruminal degradability parameters of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by nylon bag technique. The chemical composition and degradability ...
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of urea treatment of wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse on chemical composition, lag time and ruminal degradability parameters of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by nylon bag technique. The chemical composition and degradability parameters of unprocessed samples and processed samples with five percent urea were determined using three mature rumen-fistulated Holstein dairy cows (with initial body weight of 615±15 kg and three lactation number). Urea treatment decreased DM and NDF degradation lag timeof processed wheat straw (P<0.05); however it had no effect on DM and NDF degradation lag time of sugarcane bagasse. The urea treatment resultedto increase in DM and NDF degradability rate of processed wheat straw (P<0.05), but had no effect on DM and NDF degradability rate of sugarcane bagasse. The potentially degradable fraction of DM and پ NDF of both experimental materials were increased by treatment (P<0.05). The effective degradability of DM and NDF of experimental roughages increased (P<0.05) after urea treatment from 35.69 and 21.69 to 44.04 and 29.12 percent, respectively for wheat straw and from 18.88 and 15.65 to 23.92 and 19.52 percent, respectively for sugarcane bagasse. According to the results of this experiment, urea treatment of roughages-feeds, especially wheat straw improves degradability of DM and NDF.
Behnam Roshani; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Ahmad Afzalzadeh
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, , Pages 13-20
Abstract
To study the effects of replacing canola meal with black seed meal on performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics, eighteen male lambs (with initial BW, 29.5 ±1.5 kg and 110 ± 7 days of age) were used in a completely randomized design with 3 different treatments over ...
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To study the effects of replacing canola meal with black seed meal on performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics, eighteen male lambs (with initial BW, 29.5 ±1.5 kg and 110 ± 7 days of age) were used in a completely randomized design with 3 different treatments over 90 days. Experimental treatments were: 1) control; diet containing 9% canola meal, 2) diet containing 4.5 % canola meal plus 4.5 % black seed meal and 3) diet containing 9 % black seed meal. The amount of dry matter, ash, crude protein, fat, NDF, ADF, and ADIN of black seed meal was 92.60 ±0.58, 7.24±0.27, 35.8±1.0, 12.31±0.51, 24.56±1.24, 13.0±0.79 and 2.15±0.17, respectively. There were no significant differences between treatments for digestibility of organic matter, NDF, fat and protein. Daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, daily weight gain, final body weight, carcass efficiency, weight of liver, heart, kidney and testis were not differed between experimental groups. However, lambs fed with black seed meal had lower level of subcutaneous fat, tail-fat and total body fat deposition compared to control group (P<0.05). Feeding 9% black seed meal increased blood total protein and albumin concentration compared to the other experimental groups (P<0.05). The results of this study showed that it could be feasible to use black seed meal up to 9% in finishing lamb diet.
mahdi dehghani-sanij; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Ahmad Afzalzadeh; ali assadi-alamouti
Volume 22, Issue 2 , Spring 2020, , Pages 211-221
Abstract
To study the effects of feeding rumen-protected ascorbic acid and salicylic acid on performance of dairy cows under heat stress conditions, forty four lactating dairy cows in early lactation were allocated in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 11 animals in each treatment for 30 days. ...
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To study the effects of feeding rumen-protected ascorbic acid and salicylic acid on performance of dairy cows under heat stress conditions, forty four lactating dairy cows in early lactation were allocated in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 11 animals in each treatment for 30 days. Experimental treatments were: 1) control (diet without coated ascorbic acid and salicylic acid), 2) diet contained 30 g/d coated ascorbic acid, 3) diet contained 10 g/d coated salicylic acid and 4) diet contained 30 g/d coated ascorbic acid + 10 g/d coated salicylic acid. Cows were fed with salicylic acid supplement had a higher daily milk yield (51.47 kg/day) compared to other experimental groups (P<0.05). Feeding of coated ascorbic acid increased milk fat percent, glucose, BHBA, NEFA concentration and decreased somatic cell count compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Total milk's solids, energy and fat corrected milk and milk urea nitrogen were increased in coated ascorbic acid group compared to control (P<0.05). Blood urea concentration in coated ascorbic acid and salicylic acid group were less than control group (P<0.05). The results showed that feeding coated ascorbic acid and salicylic acid could improve performance of Holstein dairy cows in early lactating phase under heat stress conditions.
Hassan Fazaeli; Farshid Mirzaei; Ahmad Afzalzadah; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Mahdi Nadalian; hadi hosseini
Volume 22, Issue 1 , Winter 2020, , Pages 23-35
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dry corn gluten feed (DCGF) on nutritive value of corn silage by in vitro and in vivo methods. The firs stage of the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, included three treatments and 5 replicates, in which chopped ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dry corn gluten feed (DCGF) on nutritive value of corn silage by in vitro and in vivo methods. The firs stage of the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, included three treatments and 5 replicates, in which chopped corn forage was mixed with 0.0, 5 and 10 percent of DCGF and ensiled in 200L polyethylen barrels. After three months of ensiling, the silages were opened and evaluated. Voluntary intake and digestibility of the silages along with basal diet (Alfalfa hay+wheat straw+barley ground) were determined, using mature (two years old) male Shal sheep. Including of DCGF to corn silage increased (p<0.05)dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in the silages respectively, but pH and organic matter values were not affected by the treatments. However, the DM content did not reach to optimum (35%) point. Concentration of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was increased but acid detergent fibre (ADF) was decreased (p<0.05) as DCGF was increased in the corn silages. Addition of CGF increased dry matter intake of the silages (p<0.05). The digestibility of DM, OM and NDF were higher in silages containing DCGF (p<0.05). The intake of the digestible DM, OM and NDF were higher in DCGF content silages than those of basal diet and control silage (p<0.05). In general,adding DCGF to corn silage could improve silage quality as well as increasing voluntary intake (g/d) and digestibility when fed to sheep.
Hossien Bayatani; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Ahmad Afzalzadeh
Volume 21, Issue 2 , Summer 2019, , Pages 209-221
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the feeding value of Lactuca Serriola at different harvesting stages and comparison of different models for prediction of its lag time. The forage was cut at tow growing stages before and after bloom and chemical composition, degradability and gas production parameters ...
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The aim of this research was to study the feeding value of Lactuca Serriola at different harvesting stages and comparison of different models for prediction of its lag time. The forage was cut at tow growing stages before and after bloom and chemical composition, degradability and gas production parameters were compared with alfalfa hay. Also lag time of experimental forages was determined. The crud protein and NFC concentration were the lowest and NDF and ADF content were the highest after bloom compared with alfalfa hay (p<0.05). potentially digestible fraction (b) of DM increased by enhancement of the growing stage od Lactuca Serriola (p<0.05). effective degradability (ED) and gas production potential before bloom stage were significantly higher than the other experimental forages (p<0.05). Results obtained from prediction of lag time showed that the lag timewas the highest before bloom of Lactuca Serriola (p<0.05). In conclusion, Lactuca Serriola ( before bloom) could be considered as a good potential forage source in ruminant nutrition.
Masoud Norozi-ِDeeyarjan; ali assadi-alamouti; Ahmad Afzalzadeh; mohsen danesh mesgaran
Volume 19, Issue 4 , Winter 2018, , Pages 751-764
Abstract
This study examined the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with heat-treated soybean meal (HSBM) in heat-stressed cows. 32 multiparous Holstein cows (DIM = 110 ± 20; milk yield = 40 ± 4.1 kg) were used in a complete block randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangment ...
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This study examined the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with heat-treated soybean meal (HSBM) in heat-stressed cows. 32 multiparous Holstein cows (DIM = 110 ± 20; milk yield = 40 ± 4.1 kg) were used in a complete block randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangment of treatments. Treatments included two dietary crude protein levels (i.e. 17 and 15.5%) each combined with HSBM partially replaced for SBM. The experiment was conducted in two periods of 28 days with the last seven days for sampling and collection of data of tempreature, nutrient intake and digestibility and blood variables. Average THI showed that cows were in mild heat stress (70.60 and 71.50 for periods 1 and 2, respectively)(p > 0.05). Diets with 15.5% CP and based on HSBM increased intakes of dry and organic matter (p < 0.05); however, this was not observed in diets with 17% CP. Milk yiled and composition, apparent nutrient digestibility and blood variables were unaffected (p > 0.05). Butyric and isovaleric acid were increased in cows received HSBM (p < 0.05); however, level of CP had no effect. Results showed that feeding HSBM in diets with 15.5% CP could be regarded as a nutritional sterategy for improving DM intake of mild heat-stressed cows.
Somayeh Fathi; ali assadi-alamouti; Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Mohammad Ali Norouzian
Volume 19, Issue 3 , Autumn 2017, , Pages 545-555
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate effects of in vitro fermentation of different forages co-incubated with different types of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) on gas production, digestibility, microbial biomass, medium pH and ammonia concentration. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (9 ...
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The aim was to evaluate effects of in vitro fermentation of different forages co-incubated with different types of non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) on gas production, digestibility, microbial biomass, medium pH and ammonia concentration. A completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (9 treatments and 3 replicates) were used wherein wheat straw, alfalfa hay and corn silage constituted main forage sources and starch, sucrose and pectin were components of NFC. 0.2 g of each forage samples incubated with 0.3 g of each NFC component for 24 h and gas production, apparent and true digestibility, microbial biomass, pH and ammonia concentration measured. Forage and NFC sources, alone but not in combination, had a significant effect on gas production, digestibility as well as ammonia concentration (p<0.05). The estimated microbial biomass was lower for wheat straw samples (0.14 vs. 0.16 g /g DM digested for other forage samples), but was not affected by NFC and its interaction with forage sources (p<0.05). Also, NFC sources affected medium pH significantly with the lowest values for sucrose while the highest for pectin. Results showed that previously known effects of NFC sources in vivo are also consistently observed in vitro while it was not affected by co-incubation with different forage sources.
Nasrin Hoseinpour; Mohammad Ali Norouzian; Ahmad Afzalzadeh
Volume 16, Issue 2 , Autumn 2015, , Pages 93-101
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate effect of different sources of copper on gas production parameters and nutrients digestibility in Zandi male lambs. In the first experiment, 18 male lambs (initial body weight 17.53±1.62) divided into three groups and fed one of the three experimental diets ...
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This study was conducted to investigate effect of different sources of copper on gas production parameters and nutrients digestibility in Zandi male lambs. In the first experiment, 18 male lambs (initial body weight 17.53±1.62) divided into three groups and fed one of the three experimental diets for 70 days. Dietary treatments were control (basal diet without copper supplement), basal diet plus 10 ppm copper from sulfate and basal diet plus 10 ppm from proteinate copper. In comparison with control, copper supplementation improved average daily gain and feed conversion ratio, but there was no significant difference among the dietary treatments for dry matter intake. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher for lambs fed with organic copper compared to lambs fed with control and inorganic copper (P<0.01). In the second experiment, an in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate the effects of copper sources on the amount and rate of gas production, dry matter degradability, utilization of metabolizable energy (ME), and ruminal fermentation patterns using rumen fluid from three lambs as inoculum. Rate of gas production (c) did not differ among the treatments. Asymptotic of gas production (b) was higher for diets containing supplemental copper compared to control. It seems that supplementation of fattening lamb diet with of organic copper could be improved rumen fermentation and performance of lambs.
Somayeh Moeinizadeh; Ali Akbar Khadem; Ali Assadi-Alamouti; Ahmad Afzalzadeh
Volume 15, Issue 1 , Summer 2014, , Pages 31-43
Abstract
The objectives were to investigate the effects of addition of alfalfa hay as an absorbent on fermentationquality and effluent production of corn silage. Three levels of corn forage with dry matter (DM) contentsof 18.3, 21.7 and 25.5 percent were supplemented with 0, 5, 10, and 20 percent alfalfa hay, ...
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The objectives were to investigate the effects of addition of alfalfa hay as an absorbent on fermentationquality and effluent production of corn silage. Three levels of corn forage with dry matter (DM) contentsof 18.3, 21.7 and 25.5 percent were supplemented with 0, 5, 10, and 20 percent alfalfa hay, on as fedbasis, and ensiled in three replicates in polyvinyl chloride mini-silos in a completely randomized design.Concentrations of ash and total nitrogen increased and that of neutral detergent fiber decreasedsignificantly as the level of absorbent increased (P< 0.05). Increasing the level of absorbent significantlyincreased the DM of silage where the higher levels of DM were observed in silages with 10 and 20percent absorbent. The pH values were within the optimum range of corn silage (ranging from 3.79 to4.33); however, silage pH was affected by the interaction between DM and level of absorbent (P<0.05).The pH increased as the level of absorbent increased, however, the effect was less observed in silageswith 26 percent DM. Also, there was an interaction between the DM and absorbent in the concentration ofresidual water-soluble carbohydrate of silage where the differences in water-soluble carbohydrates insilages with 18 percent initial DM were lower than those in silages with 22 and 26 percent DM. As thelevel of absorbent increased, aerobic stability was improved with the effects becoming less pronounced asthe level of DM increased. Effluent production was markedly reduced as the level of absorbent increasedso that it dropped to 0 ml at 20 percent alfalfa hay addition at all DM levels (P<0.05). The concentrationsof DM and nitrogen were higher in effluent produced from silages treated with higher level of absorbent;however, total DM and nitrogen losses were lower due to considerably lower effluent production. Resultsshowed that using a minimum of 10 percent alfalfa hay could effectively reduce effluent production andimprove aerobic stability of corn silage while maintaining its optimal pH.
Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Mohsen Absalan; seyed davood sharifi; Ali Akbar Khadem; Davoud Ghandi
Volume 13, Issue 1 , Summer 2011, , Pages 41-48
Abstract
To study the effects of various levels of whole cottonseed (WCS) on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters, an experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with four diets containing zero, four, eight and 16 percent WCS on 20 Zandi male lambs with initial average weight 30.4 ± ...
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To study the effects of various levels of whole cottonseed (WCS) on performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters, an experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with four diets containing zero, four, eight and 16 percent WCS on 20 Zandi male lambs with initial average weight 30.4 ± 1.8 kg and 5-6 months old for 90 days was performed. Energy and chemical composition of rations were similar. In comparison of control diet with diets contain WCS in aspect of feed intake, feed conversion ratio, the percent of the carcass and also abdominal fat was significant difference (P< 0.01). The effect of diet on concentration of blood parameters was significant (P< 0.01). Glucose concentration with increasing of WCS in diet was decreasing, whereas concentration of cholesterol and triglyceride in blood increased linearly. This experiment showed that the WCS could be included up to eight percent of the fattening male lamb’s diet.
Ahmad Afzalzadeh; Hadi Ghorbani Farmad; mohsen danesh mesgaran; Ali Akbar Khadem
Volume 12, Issue 2 , Autumn 2010, , Pages 37-50
Abstract
The effect of feeding of soaked barley straw on milk production and composition and rumen characteristics was studied. The degradability of soaked barley straw (for 24, 48 and 72 hours) and unsoaked barley straws were studied in the first experiment. The unsoaked barley straw had more readily degraded ...
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The effect of feeding of soaked barley straw on milk production and composition and rumen characteristics was studied. The degradability of soaked barley straw (for 24, 48 and 72 hours) and unsoaked barley straws were studied in the first experiment. The unsoaked barley straw had more readily degraded fraction (a) than soaked straw treatments (p> 0.05). There was no significant difference between slowly degradable fractions (b) and degradation rates (c, %h) in various treatments of barley straw. The degradability parameters of different rations also studied. The differences between readily (a) and slowly (b) degradable fractions were not significant. In the second experiment the effect of partial replacement of alfalfa hay with unsoaked barley straw and 24h soaked barley straw on performance of 9 multiparous lactating dairy cows in midlactation (580.9 ± 39.3 BW) with 27.8 ± 4.5 kg daily milk yield was studied in a crossover design. The effects of different treatments on milk yield (p< 0.05), milk fat (g/kg yield) (p< 0.05), N-NH3 rumen liquor (p< 0.0001), rumination and chewing activity (min/d) were significant. The rumination and chewing activity (min/d) were increased in diets that contained barley straw. In conclusion utilization of soaked barley straw in ration of midlactation cows is recommended.